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the first phase
n
nIn 1860, the Republic's A. Lincoln was elected president, and the United States 'democratic party suffered a crushing defeat. This became a signal for the southern slave owners to secede from the Union and launch a rebellion. The southern slave-holding state of South Caroline was the first to secede from the Union, followed by the states of California, Arizona, and Texas. In February 1861, the establishment of the "Southern Alliance" was announced, and another government with J. Davis as president was established. On April 12, 1861, the rebel government forces began to bombard the Federal Fort Sumter in South Caroline and fell on the 14th. The Lincoln government issued a punitive order on April 15, and civil war broke out. Soon, four states, including virginia, north carolina, tentacle, and arakshasa, withdrew from the union to join the confederation.
nAt the beginning of the war, the North was much stronger than the South. The North had a population of 22.34 million, while the South only had 9.1 million, and more than 3.8 million of them were slaves. The north had developed industries, a railway network that extended in all directions, and abundant food, while the south had almost no industries and few railroads. However, the South had sufficient military preparations, with well-equipped and well-trained troops. Moreover, on the eve of the Civil War, President J. Buchanan had managed to send large quantities of weapons and money to the South. In the early days of the civil war, the Lincoln government's goal was to restore the unification of the North and the South. They were worried that triggering slavery would push some border slave states to the southern rebels, thus losing the important strategic areas of the border states. Because the Northern government refused to announce the release of slaves. Thus, in the first phase of the civil war, the North suffered successive military defeats. In July 1861, Manassas, and in the summer of 1862, the North suffered heavy losses. Although the northern army had achieved a series of brilliant results on the western front and seized several important strategic strongholds from the southern army, these achievements were offset by the defeat on the eastern front.
nIn the face of repeated military failures in the North, the radical party within the Republic Party and the abolition of power in society proposed the idea of freeing slaves and arming black people. Lincoln also realized the need to free the slaves.
second stage
nOn September 22, 1862, Lincoln issued a preparatory Emancipation Proclamation. It was announced that if the Southern rebels did not lay down their arms before January 1, 1863, the slaves in the rebellious states would be free from that day onwards. When the news reached the south, thousands of slaves fled to the north. The British working class also launched a campaign to support the North, forcing the British government to abandon its original intervention plan.
nThe Lincoln government also implemented a series of revolutionary measures and policies: from 1862 to 1863, the policy of arming black people was implemented. As a result, thousands of black people signed up to join the Northern army, mainly escaped slaves from the South. The Homesteads Act enacted in May 1862 stipulated that all adults loyal to the Federation could receive 64.74 hectares of land in the West as long as they paid a registration fee of 10 dollars. After five years of farming on the land, they could become the owner of the land. The Lincoln government severely suppressed the counter-revolutionary elements and purged the southern agents in the army. In 1863, the conscription law was implemented to replace the conscription system, thus strengthening the military strength of the North. At the same time, Lincoln adjusted the military leadership, implemented a unified command, and appointed U.S. Grant, who had outstanding military talent, as the commander of the entire army.
nIn 1863, the North took a turn for the better. On July 1 of the same year, Gettysburg was defeated, wiping out 28,000 soldiers of the Southern Army, becoming a turning point in the civil war. The initiative on the battlefield was now in the hands of the northern army. In 1864, the Supreme Commander of the North adopted a new strategic approach: launching a powerful offensive on both the eastern and western fronts. On the eastern front, the main goal was to deplete the enemy's strength, and on the western front, they would use powerful forces to penetrate the enemy's hinterland and cut off the connection between the northeast and southwest of the Southern Alliance. In September 1864, the Northern Army under General W.T. Sherman captured Atlanta in one fell swoop. Two months later, they began the famous " march to the sea." During the march, they completely destroyed the enemy's various military facilities and paralyzed the southern economy. On the eastern front, General Grant led the northern army to drive the enemy near the rebel capital, richmond. In early 1865, the slaves fled and the plantation economy was on the verge of collapse. The naval blockade of the North had almost cut off the trade between the South and Europe. At the same time, there were also opposition parties in the South. Many small farmers joined the Federation to engage in anti-war activities. The number of deserters in the south increased by the day. Food and daily necessities were scarce. On April 9, 1865, R. E. Lee's troops were surrounded by Northern troops and forced to surrender to Grant. The American Civil War ended. The United States was reunited.

Answer 1

Of course, I can help you translate. I can use a variety of translation tools to translate, such as Google Translate, Baidu Translate, Youdao Translate, etc. However, in order to help you better, I can give you some suggestions:

1 If you need to accurately translate a word or sentence, it is recommended to first understand the context and meaning of the word or sentence in order to better understand the translation result.

If you need to translate a novel or literary work, it is recommended to understand the background, plot, characters and other information of the work in order to better understand the translation results.

3 If you need online translation services, it is recommended to choose a reputable online translation platform with high service quality and check its translation quality evaluation and user feedback.

If you have any questions, feel free to ask me.