The Tongcheng School of the Qing DynastyThe Tongcheng School was one of the prose schools of the Qing Dynasty. It was named after its founder, Gu Yanwu. This faction advocated that "everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the world", emphasizing personal responsibility and obligations, advocating patriotism and social responsibility. The Tongcheng School's prose was famous for its profound discussion, concise writing style, and strong thinking. Their representative works included "Chat in the Sun" and "Dongli Yuefu".
A brief account of the main achievements of the novels of the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing DynastyThe Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty were important periods in the history of Chinese literature and also the prosperous period of novel creation. The following is a brief summary of the main achievements of the Ming and early Qing novels:
The achievements of Ming Dynasty novels:
1 Water Margins: Water Margins was one of the most famous novels of the Ming Dynasty. It described the story of the peasant uprising in the Song Dynasty and was hailed as a classic of ancient Chinese novels.
" Dream of the Red Chamber ":" Dream of the Red Chamber " was a long novel written by Cao Xueqin, a novelist from the Qing Dynasty. It described the love story of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, and others. It was hailed as a masterpiece in the history of Chinese literature.
Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio: Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio is a collection of short stories written by Pu Songling, a novelist of the Qing Dynasty. It contains many stories of immortals and ghosts and is regarded as a treasure of ancient Chinese novels.
4 Journey to the West: Journey to the West was a novel written by the Tang Dynasty novelist Wu Chengen. It described the story of Sun Wukong and others who went to the West to obtain scriptures. It was hailed as one of the four great masterpieces in the history of Chinese literature.
The achievements of Qing Dynasty novels:
Dream of the Red Chamber: A novel written by Cao Xueqin from the Qing Dynasty. It described the love story of Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu and others. It was hailed as a classic in the history of Chinese literature.
" Water Margins ":" Water Margins " was a long novel written by the Ming Dynasty novelist Shi Naian. It described the story of the peasant uprising in the Song Dynasty and was hailed as a classic of ancient Chinese novels.
3 Journey to the West: Journey to the West was a novel written by the Tang Dynasty novelist Wu Chengen. It described the story of Sun Wukong and others who went to the West to obtain scriptures. It was hailed as one of the four great masterpieces in the history of Chinese literature.
4. The Scholars: The Scholars was a satirical novel written by Wu Jingzi, a novelist of the Qing Dynasty. It described various political figures and absurd events in the background of the scholars 'culture and the politics of the Qing Dynasty.
The social crisis of the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing DynastyThe social crises of the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty included but were not limited to the following aspects:
1. Mass uprisings and uprisings: In the early and middle stages of the Ming Dynasty, social contradictions intensified and mass uprisings and uprisings occurred from time to time. For example, the Battle of Jingnan in the early Ming Dynasty was a famous popular uprising. In the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the Yellow Turban Uprising and other peasant uprisings also caused a great impact on social order.
2. economic decline: the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty fell into a long-term economic decline due to war and natural disasters. This led to a decline in productivity and social instability.
3. Class contradictions: In the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty, due to the increasingly sharp contradictions between the feudal ruling class and the peasant class, social class contradictions were also very prominent.
4. Political corruption: During the Ming and early Qing Dynasties, political corruption was very common. The corruption and abuse of power by officials led to a decline in the credibility of the government and intensified social conflicts.
5. Invasion of foreign enemies: The Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty were invaded by foreign enemies such as Japan, the Netherlands, Portugal, etc., which caused great damage to the country and aggravated domestic social contradictions.
Who are the Qing Dynasty poets?The Qing Dynasty was a dynasty in Chinese history and also a peak period for the development of poetry. There were many famous poets in the Qing Dynasty, including:
1 Nalan Xingde (1655-1685): One of the most famous poets of the Qing Dynasty, known as "the best Ci of the Qing Dynasty". His poems are known for their freshness and sincerity.
2. Zheng Banqiao (1693-1765): A famous painter, calligrapher, and poet of the Qing Dynasty. His poems are famous for their humor and personality.
3 Cao Xueqin (1715-1763): A novelist of the Qing Dynasty. His Dream of the Red Chamber is a classic in the history of Chinese literature, which contains a large number of poems and essays.
4 Yu Guangzhong (1895-1968): Modern Chinese poet and literary critic. His poems are famous for their lyricism, narration, discussion, and other methods. He is known as "a peak in the history of modern Chinese poetry".
5 Kang Youwei (1856-1918): A famous modern Chinese politician, ideologist, and teacher. His poems mainly express his thoughts and exploration of social change.
Lao She (1899-1966): A famous modern Chinese novelist and dramatist. His works such as Camel Xiangzi are regarded as classics of modern Chinese literature, which contains a large number of poems and essays.
These are just some of the representative figures of the Qing Dynasty poets. In fact, there were many outstanding poets and writers in the Qing Dynasty.
Who knows this title: Song Dynasty Huaben and Ming and Qing Dynasty FictionsThe Song Dynasty's Huaben and the Ming and Qing Dynasty's novels were two important periods in the development of ancient Chinese novels. The Song Dynasty's Huaben was the earliest form of vernacular novels in the history of Chinese novels. It was based on folk oral traditions and mainly in the form of rap. The content was extensive and varied, mainly spread among the people of the Song Dynasty and later generations. The novels of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were the pinnacle of the Chinese novel history. They appeared in the form of written literature, rich in content, profound in thought, and beautiful in writing, which had a profound impact on the creation of novels in later generations.
Among all kinds of novels in the early Qing Dynasty, the largest number wasIn the early Qing Dynasty, the most popular novel was Dream of the Red Chamber. This novel was written in the Qing Dynasty and described the decline of the feudal society of the Qing Dynasty and the love story of Jia Baoyu and others. It had been made into TV series, movies, stage plays, and other versions that were deeply loved by the audience. Other than Dream of the Red Chamber, other famous novels from the early Qing Dynasty included Water Margins, Journey to the West, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and so on. These novels had high literary value and were hailed as the treasures of Chinese classical literature.
The most influential literary school in the early Song Dynasty wasThe most influential literary school in the early Song Dynasty was the literature of the Three Su Sects, also known as the literature of the Four Scholars of the Su Sect. Su Xun, Su Shi, and Su Zhe were all writers of the Northern Song Dynasty. Their literary achievements were regarded as one of the outstanding representatives in the history of ancient Chinese literature.
The literature of the Three Su Dynasties was mainly composed of prose. Its style was fresh and natural, and its emotions were sincere and its thoughts were profound. It was known as the representative figure of a gentleman. His literary works, including Dongpo Zhilin and Dongli Yuefu, had a profound influence on later literature.
The literature of the Three Su Dynasties was not only respected in the Song Dynasty, but also in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, becoming one of the literary classics. His literary achievements not only occupied an important position in the history of Chinese literature, but also had a positive impact on the literature of various countries in the world.
What were the outstanding scientists in the early Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty?What were the outstanding scientists in the Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty?
The Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty were a very important period in Chinese history. During this period, many outstanding scientists and philosophers appeared. The following are some famous scientists from the Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty and their main works:
Newton of the Qing Dynasty: Newton was a famous British scientist and mathematician. He made important contributions in the fields of physics, mechanics, and astronomy. His works include Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and Bible Studies.
2. Xu Xiake of the Ming Dynasty: Xu Xiake was a famous explorer and scientist in China. He traveled all over the world and made important contributions to geography, geography, biology and other fields. His works include Xu Xiake's Travels and Xu Xiake's Talks on Art, etc.
Zheng He of the Qing Dynasty: Zheng He was a famous Chinese navigator and scientist. He traveled all over the world and made important contributions to geography, astronomy, navigation and other fields. His works included the Illustrated Records of the Sea and the General Records of Voyage.
Lang Maoshan of the Ming Dynasty: Lang Maoshan was a famous physicist and mathematician in China. He proposed the "Lang Maoshan Formula" and "Lang Maoshan-Wu Dabo Formula" and participated in solving the "Three Laws of Movement" in Newton's mechanics. His works include The Laws of Physics and Principles of Physics.
Franklin of the Qing Dynasty: Franklin was a famous scientist and inventor in the United States. He invented many important inventions such as lightning rods, light bulbs, thermometers, etc. His works include the Declaration of Independent and the autobiography of Franklin.
These scientists had made important contributions in their respective fields, and their ideas and results had a profound impact on future generations.
How to list the late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty?The late Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty were two periods that could be listed with reference to the following characteristics:
Late Ming Dynasty:
- This period usually referred to the period from the end of the 16th century to the beginning of the 17th century, which was the period after the fall of the Ming Dynasty.
- The politics, economy, and culture of this period had undergone many changes.
- The representative works of this period included novels such as Dream of the Red Chamber and Water Margins.
- The important figures of this period included Lin Daiyu, Jia Baoyu, and so on.
Early Qing Dynasty:
- This period usually referred to the early period after the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, that is, the early 17th century.
- The politics, economy, and culture of this period had undergone many changes.
- The representative works of this period included novels such as Journey to the West and Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
- The important figures of this period included Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and others.
It should be noted that the above list only represents personal opinions and does not represent historical facts.
Who are the eight great writers of parallel prose in the early Qing Dynasty?The eight great parallel prose writers of the early Qing Dynasty referred to the representatives of the parallel prose movement in the Qing Dynasty, including:
1. Ma Zhiyuan: His representative works include Tianjingsha·Autumn Thoughts.
2. Bai Pu: His representative works include Song of Everlasting Regret.
3. Ding Ling: Her masterpieces include The Peony Pavilion.
4. Shen Congwen: His masterpieces include Border Town.
5 Lu Xun: His masterpieces include A Madman's Diary.
6. Lao She: His masterpieces include Camel Xiangzi.
7. Zhang Yimou: His masterpieces include Red Sorghums.
After eight weeks, he wrote again: his representative works include "Sao Poetry" and so on.