Modern literature is an important school of Chinese literature in the 20th century, which is closely related to Chinese traditional culture and literary tradition. The modern literature advocated to get rid of the shackles of traditional culture and pursue the modern literary concept. It paid attention to social reality and the fate of mankind, emphasizing the humane and critical spirit of literature. The modern literature movement in 20th-century Chinese literature can be traced back to the works of Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Lao She and others in the early 20th century. In the 1920s and 1930s, modern literature began to flourish, such as the works of Shen Congwen, Yang Jiang, Qian Zhongshu, Ding Ling, etc. In the 1940s and 1950s, modern literature developed further, such as the works of Jia Pingao, Mo Yan, Yu Hua, and others. Modern literature played an important role in the 20th century Chinese literature, which had a profound impact on the development of Chinese literature and the process of its modernisation. The style and literary ideas of the modernist literature were deeply loved by the readers, which had a positive impact on the process of Chinese literature's modernisation. At the same time, modern literature also provided important support for the internalization of Chinese literature, promoting the exchange and interaction between Chinese literature and world literature.