Chekhov's Chameleon was a work of great historical and social significance, reflecting the changes and crises of Russian society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The following is an analysis of this work: The protagonist of the novel was a street gangster named "Chameleon". Through continuous hard work and struggle, he gradually became an important figure in Russian society and even a political leader. The novel profoundly revealed the various shortcomings and contradictions of Russian society, such as the gap between the rich and the poor, class division, bureaucracy and corruption. At the same time, it also showed Chekhov's deep insight and thinking about human nature, human feelings and social reality. In the novel, the chameleon successfully won the political power struggle and became the leader of Russia through his wit, cunning, and tactics. However, under his rule, Russian society was still full of contradictions and injustice, political corruption and economic decline still existed. This showed Chekhov's deep understanding of political power and rule, as well as his deep thinking and reflection on human society. Chameleon also reflected Chekhov's emphasis on Russian culture and history. The novel involved Russian traditional culture and values such as friendship, love, loyalty and respect. At the same time, it also showed Chekhov's concern and concern for Russian society and people. To sum up, Chekhov's Chameleon was a work with profound thoughts, rich content, rigorous structure, and strong expressiveness. It had a profound impact on Russian literature and social culture, and was also an important classic in the history of world literature.