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What are the reasons for the slow nitration reaction?

2026-09-16 16:11
2026-09-16 17:06

The slow nitration reaction could be due to the following reasons: 1. ** Sludge load and sludge age **: Biological nitration is a low-load process. The sludge load F/M is generally below 0.15kgBOD1/(kgMLVSS1·d). The lower the load, the more adequate the nitration. If the load was not suitable, the nitration reaction might be slow. At the same time, corresponding to the low load, the sludge age of the biological nitration system was generally longer because of the slow reproduction speed of the nitrating bacteria and the long generation period. If the nitrating bacteria could not be cultivated for a long time, the nitrating effect would be affected, resulting in a slower reaction. 2. ** Reflux ratio and hydraulic residence time **: The return ratio of the biological nitration system is generally larger than that of the traditional activated sludge process. If the return ratio is too small, the activated sludge will stay in the secondary settling tank for a long time, which will easily cause detoxification, which will indirectly affect the nitration reaction and cause it to slow down. Moreover, the hydraulic residence time Ta of the biological nitration system should be at least 8 hours. If it was not achieved, the nitration rate would be much lower than the removal rate of organic impurities. If the reaction time was not enough, the nitration reaction would be slow. 3. ** Dissolved oxygen **: The DO of the nitration process mixture should be controlled at about 2.0 - 3.0 milligrams per liter. When the DO was less than 2.0g/L, the nitration would be inhibited and the reaction would slow down, and when the DO was less than 1.0g/L, the nitration would be completely inhibited and tend to stop. Read more exciting novels for free

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2026-09-18 06:20
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