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Electrician exam positive and negative circuit diagram and connection diagram

2026-09-16 08:53
2026-09-16 10:36

The following are the principles of the motor positive and negative circuit diagrams and connection diagrams involved in several common electrical examinations: ** I. Contactor interlocked motor reversing control circuit ** 1. ** Principle ** - Forward rotation control: Turn on the power switch Q, press the forward start button SSB2, and the coil of the contactors KM1 will be energized and pulled in. At this time, the main contact is closed to connect the motor to the power supply, and the normally open auxiliary contact is closed to realize self-locking (even if the SSB2 button is released, the KM1 coil is still energized). The motor M is rotating in the forward direction. At the same time, the normally closed auxiliary contact of the KM1 was disconnected, which prevented the power supply of the contactors KM2 (realizing the interlocked, preventing the two contactors from being energized at the same time and causing short-circuit and other faults). At this time, the phase sequence of the power supply connected to the motor was A-B- C. - Reverse rotation control: If you want the motor to change from forward rotation to reverse rotation, first press the stop button SSB1, so that the forward rotation circuit is cut off (the KM1 coil loses power, the main contact is cut off, the normally open auxiliary contact is cut off, and the normally closed auxiliary contact is restored to be closed), and then press the reverse start button SSB3. The KM2 coil is energized and attracted, and its main contact and the normally open auxiliary contact are closed, so that the motor can rotate in reverse. At the same time, the normally closed auxiliary contact of KM2 was disconnected to prevent the contact KM1 from being energized. At this time, the phase sequence of the power supply connected to the motor was C-B- A. To stop the electric motor, press the stop button SSB1. 2. ** Connection diagram key points (illustration)** - The main circuit part: the three-phase power supply is connected to the fuse (for protection), then connected to the main contacts of the contactors KM1 and KM2, then connected to the thermal relay (for overload protection), and finally connected to the motor. Among them, the main contact connection of KM1 and KM2 must ensure the correct switching of phase sequence during forward and reverse rotation. - The control circuit part: connect the stop button SSB1 (normally closed contact) from the power lead. The other end of SSB1 is connected to the forward start button SSB2 (normally open contact) and the reverse start button SSB3 (normally open contact) respectively. The other end of the SSB2 is connected to the coil of the contactors KM1, and the normally closed auxiliary contact of the KM2 is connected in series on this line to realize the interlocked connection; the other end of the SSB3 is connected to the coil of the contactors KM2, and the normally closed auxiliary contact of the KM1 is connected in series on this line to realize the interlocked connection. The normally open auxiliary contacts of the contactors KM1 and KM2 are respectively connected in parallel with their respective start buttons to realize the self-locking function. ** 2. Double interlocked reversing circuit ** 1. ** Principle ** - This circuit combined a button interlocked with a contactors interlocked. The button interlocked was achieved through the circuit design of the forward start button SSB2 and the reverse start button SSB3, and the contactors interlocked through the normally closed auxiliary contacts of KM1 and KM2. The advantage of this design was that it could directly switch the direction of the motor, which improved the convenience and safety of the operation. 2. ** Connection diagram key points (illustration)** - The main circuit is similar to the control circuit of the positive and negative rotation of the interlocked motor. - Control circuit part: on the basis of the interlocked contactors, the normally closed contacts of the forward start button SSB2 and the reverse start button SSB3 are respectively connected in series to the starting circuit of the other party to achieve button interlocked. For example, the normally closed contact of the SSB2 is connected in series in the circuit connecting the SSB3 and the KM2 coil, and the normally closed contact of the SSB3 is connected in series in the circuit connecting the SSB2 and the KM1 coil. ** 3. Automatic shuttle control circuit (an application of the motor's forward and backward rotation)** 1. ** Principle ** - After switching on the power switch QL, press the start button (similar to the forward start button), the contactors KM1 will self-lock, and the trolley will start to move forward. When the limit switch SQ1 was touched, the KM1 coil lost power, the KM2 self-locked, and the trolley ran in the opposite direction. As long as the stop button was not pressed, it would cycle. 2. ** Connection diagram key points (illustration)** - The main circuit part was also a three-phase power supply to the motor through the fuse, the main contact of the contactors, and the thermal relay. - Control circuit part: In addition to the control circuit of the positive and reverse contactors KM1 and KM2 (including interlocked), it also needs to be connected to the travel switch SQ1 and SQ2 (used to control the positive and reverse limits respectively). For example, in the forward operation, the KM1 self-locking circuit is connected in series with SQ2 (normally closed contact). When the trolley touches SQ2, the KM1 coil loses power; in the reverse operation, the KM2 self-locking circuit is connected in series with SQ1 (normally closed contact). When the trolley touches SQ1, the KM2 coil loses power. Read more exciting novels for free

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