What did the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris symbolize?

There are many symbols of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, and one of them is "loneliness". Notre-Dame de Paris was a church with a long history. Its architecture and works of art made people feel the charm of religion and culture, but at the same time, it also made people feel lonely. In the novel, the protagonist Quasimodo and the bell tower giant Cesar were both troubled by loneliness. They loved each other but could not escape the fate of loneliness. The Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris also symbolized human civilization and progress. In the novel, Quasimodo and Cesare were both people from the clock tower. They helped mankind progress by studying religion and history. As an ancient church, the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris represented the progress of human civilization in terms of history and religion. The Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris also symbolized human emotions and humanity. In the novel, Quasimodo and Cesare had different emotions and humanity. They loved each other but could not be together. As a building, the Notre-Dame de Paris allowed people to feel the richness and complexity of human emotions and symbolized the variety of human nature.