Khyrrid

I was under the impression that Beast was unique to Gohan specifically. Like, each person gets their own transformation for the evolution of Mystic. Piccolo, for example, gets Orange Piccolo when he wishes for his potential to be unlocked and Shenron grants him "ALL THAT YOU HAVE... PLUS A BIT EXTRA" which sounds like an evolved Potential Unleashed to me. So, for Gohan, whose had rage boosts and trouble letting out all his power his entire life, of course he'd get something like Beast.

Think of Ki like a second body made of energy. If you rely solely on this energy when working out, it will grow just as normal muscles do. But if doing a push-up doesn't even require Ki, why would that Ki expend any effort? So this method relies solely on making the body as useless as possible, relying solely on one's Ki to become strong. This is good because when he does eventually work out without Ki, his power level will skyrocket. Kaioken doesn't strain the Ki, but the body. With a weak body, one would simply die from using it.

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I don't know what this means

Not actively, but he wouldn't mind dying if his goals are met.

No, that's not how it works. If you want a more in-depth explanation, I'd be happy to do so.

In my head the armor looked almost exactly like Shallot's Armor, only it's silver instead of blue, and bronze instead of the silver plate in the middle.

gonna do another one tomorrow if I write it right

He overloaded Super Shenron and was sent back in time at a random place within the Dragon Ball Multiverse- now disconnected from the Time Patrol. Where and when, exactly? Well, it'll be a good while 'till he figures that out.

Not in the way you or I do. To him, its just another fantasy world that he recognized certain elements of, but no specific events or people. Like knowing Naruto has chakra and ninjas and villages, but never having seen a single episode.