webnovel
avatar

Osaka Novels & Books - WebNovel

Novels42

Popular
  • altalt

    GRAFFITI AREA (P.A.C.)

    Starting from Fuyuki Matsuda a talented spiritual power user in the Zero Rakugaki Division received a will from his father who died at the Miyamoto Company Office 4 months ago. In his will, he was asked to attend Osaka High School and continue the company his parents left. There is no one other than Fuyuki who can replace his father's position in the company. In addition, Fuyuki assumed his father died from being killed and that the will was a dying message. Now Fuyuki is carrying out the will by attending Osaka High School with Hiyori Fujisaki and Mawaru Yoshioka and becomes the company's president director while investigating the cause of his father's death. Hiyori and Mawaru are spiritual users who are in training mode. They both called Fuyuki as their trainer as "Master" but because Fuyuki was the class leader, they called him "Class Leader". Besides that, they as spiritual users must hide their identity because it is feared that it could cause severe social inequality. However, their secret was about to be revealed because a gangster asked for help named Madara Madarame, who turned out to be the grandson of their teacher, and soon they became friends. Once while studying sports, Mawaru accidentally met her best friend named Kana Ayami who had just debuted as an idol. Mawaru introduces Fuyuki, Hiyori, and Madara to Ayami. For some reason, Fuyuki is deeply involved in Ayami's life which makes her identity exposed. Momo, who is currently a close friend of Ayami, turns out to be the young company secretary of Miyamoto, so she is forced to explain everything related to Fuyuki's life. Ayami, who did not think that she was a descendant of a magician, decided to visit Nekomichi on the advice of Fuyuki. Nakamichi is a legendary fortune teller, not only a matter of fate, it turns out to predict love and Ayami is bound by destiny with Fuyuki. Ayami tries to believe it, but Fuyuki is very cold that makes Ayami wants to give up. When they are in a "Paramistic" club that is formed due to deliberate factors, the closer the two are to expressing their feelings for each other. Can Ayami maintain her love for Fuyuki? Will Fuyuki's life change after meeting Ayami? Spoiler: After the case of his father's death is revealed, Fuyuki goes to Tokyo to investigate the accident that happened to him several years ago. He intends to judge the mastermind behind it all, especially someone who wants to take his family's inheritance. After that, Fuyuki who was shocked and lost his memory was forced to live in Rakugaki World. Everything becomes clearer after knowing the figure behind the founder of the Paramistic club. Mawaru who was rejected by the man she has loved for a long time is now forced to marry an Onmyouji to continue the lineage of the temple owner of the Onmyodo experts. Everyone is asking about the future with the path of life they choose, the fact that Fuyuki can't return to the real world due to his unrecoverable memory causes deep sadness, especially for Ayami. So what method should Ayami use to bring Fuyuki back to look to the same future? There is only one sure way.

    ANABANTINGAN · Fantasy
    5.0
  • altalt

    Yamato the son of Osaka

    Sakura Member saw that Yamasaki is a boy but she is Yamasaki Ten Brother his name was Yamato who has Yamasaki's face.

    Sakamichi4614 · Sci-fi
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    Osaka Love and Sake酒。。

    A drama filled love story develops as the government is attempting to decrease the population by picking off children’s parents of poor unhappy families one by one. In order to put an end to the test, the chosen are sent to an academy for the next few years and are expected to learn what they need to bring back their family.

    GoMisao · Teen
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    Osaka I'm In Love

    Kim_Ranger · Teen
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    My Sweet Encounter

    Yuzuki Osaka. Female. 15 years old high school. Now living her life as a boy under a new name - Yuu Osaka. The first two weeks were quiet, and although Yuu felt detached, somehow she managed to blend in two weeks later. Although she hoped to build a harmonious relationship with the people around her while keeping a low profile, the occurrences two weeks later since she stepped foot into the school grounds were pretty ridiculous. Suddenly, she was friends with the principal's daughter, Hikari Tadashi; an accomplice of a troublemaker, Ikeda Sato; an enemy of a gang leader, Dojo; and teased by the school's heartthrob Kousuke Nakano! Moreover, there was one thing she must do - she must keep her real identity hidden at all cost!

    SKRZ · Teen
    4.9
  • altalt

    +237656245144 TO CYTOTEC mISOPROSTOL iN sINGAPORE aND OSAKA JAPAN

    Call Or What’s App +237656245144 Abortion Pills For Sale In MALAYSIA Quick Abortion Clinic SINGAPORE What can I expect if I take the abortion pills SINGAPORE? What can I expect after I take the abortion pills IN INDONESIA? How safe is the abortion pills TAMPINES SINGAPOR? How do I get the abortion pills SINGAPORE? MIFEPRISTONE 200MG PILLS IN YOKOHAMA JAPAN?/ |Top Abortion Clinic SINGAPORE? 200MCG CYTOTEC MISOPROSTOL PRICE IN TOKYO JAPAN?// HOW TO ORDER ABORTION PILLS ONLINE IN SINGAPORE?// Abortion Pills For Sale In OSAKA JAPAN// WHERE TO BUY (CYTOTEC ABORTION) PILLS IN JAPAN?? Call Or What’s App Dr miracle +237656245144,Quick Abortion Clinic SINGAPORE? – Medical Abortion Dubai?— also called abortion pills — is a safe and effective way to end an early pregnancy. Thinking about getting the abortion pills SINGAPORE? THEN WHATSAPP+2376562451444 TO BUY BOTH MIFEPRISTONE AND MISOPROSTOL PILLS IN SINGAPORE//, How does the abortion pills work SINGAPORE? Abortion Pills For Sale In TOKYO? Non-surgical abortion In OSAKA? Late-term abortion In YOKOHAMA? Termination Pills In JAPAN? Safe abortion pills In HONG KONG CHINA? Abortion pregnancy In ORDER CYTOTECC INTO HONG KONG? Buy abortion pills(MIFEPRISTONE 200MG INTO HONG KONG)? }

    Rowe_Lamonica · Urban
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    The Tutee Is My Ex-Girlfriend

    Desperately tasked by the school’s headmaster, Osaka Haruki finds himself in an attempt to tutor the current infamous yet disoriented “Genius Four of Sankai High School” with the subjects that they are ultimately bad with to prepare them for the annual national examination that determines the school’s national ranking, in exchange for a scholarship that will assure him a school expense-free high school life which he terribly needs since his family isn’t that rich. Confident that he would pull this off, it then turns out that his ex-girlfriend, Natsuki Aya, is going to be one of his tutees! Will he lead Aya and the other three on maximizing their potential? This isn’t going to be one of the normal tutorial sessions anyone would experience! NOTE: This is an original and will be like a Japanese light novel form! If you love manga and the like, then you are in the right story! Regardless, this will also be uploaded in the FanFic section. I will use a temporary cover photo for the meantime! I do not own it and shall give credit below! (c) Rei Kusakabe (2019) Photo source: https://www.anime-planet.com/manga/mamahaha-no-tsurego-ga-moto-kano-datta

    Minalinsky · Eastern
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    Shattered Remnants of a Dream

    Author: Dan Luffey lives in Osaka, Japan. Aside from writing original fiction, he's also translated Japanese books into English, such as Edogawa Rampo's "The Fiend with Twenty Faces," and video games such as "The MISSING." Dan is also co-founder of DANGEN Entertainment, an indie video game publishing house. Dan can be contacted at danluffey@gmail.com. "The world is yours...to destroy." 4 years ago, Vance's mother went missing. Everyone thought she was dead...but Vance knew better. What he did not know was that his search for her would take him across multiple parallel dimensions filled with psychotic killers, demented warlords, righteous angels and bloodthirsty demons. As Vance learns more about his lineage and his new surroundings, the stakes will rise, until his journey takes him to the end of the universe itself, and he comes face to face with the one who created it. Those who enjoy descriptive, deep stories with plot threads linked across multiple chapters and strategic, action-packed battles will not be disappointed here. As human as it is otherworldly, at its core this story is about family, love, loss, and growth midst tragedy.

    Dan Luffey · Fantasy
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    I GO TO KOREA TO FIND MY FATHER BUT I FOUND A LOVE (TAGLISH)

    SI YEJIN KIM AY ISANG HALF FILIPINO AND HALF KOREAN NA NAGPUNTA SA KOREA PARA HANAPIN ANG KANYANG AMA NA BUMALIK SA KOREA AT DI NA NAGPAKITANG MULI. NGUNIT NABAGO ANG PLANO NANG MAKLALA NYA SI CHOSEON NAM TURN OUT NA ANG IDOL PALA NYANG SI CHAE JANG JOON. DAHIL SA ISANG MISUNDERSTANDING NAPAGKAMALAN SYA NITONG GIRL FRIEND NI CHOSEON. KAYA IMINUNGKAHI NI CHOSEON NA SIYA AY MAGTRABAHO SA KANYA MUNA BILANG ISANG KATULONG PUMAYAG NAMAN ITO KESA NASABAHAY LANG SYA NG ATE NYA AT TUTAL WALA PA NAMAN SYANG PINAGKUKUNAN NG INCOME. NGUNIT SADYANG ANG KAPALARAN AY MAPAGBIRO DAHIL SA ISANG PANGYAYARI "NAHULOG SYA SA HAGDAN AT NASAMBOT NI CHOSEON" THAT TIME DI RIN SINASADYANG MAKUNAN NG CAMERA "NAKAON PALA AT TUMAPAT SA KANILA", TAPOS ANG FEMALE LEAD AY NAPABALITANG BUNTIS THAT TIME THEY NEED A FEMALE TO BE LEADING LADY AND THEY DECIDES THAT YEJIN WILL BE DAHIL SA PAGKAHULOG LANG NG HAGDAN...SIMULA NOON NABAGO NA ANG TAKBO NG BUHAY NI YEJIN. AT DAHIL DIN SA PAGDATING NI YEJIN NAGING UPSIDE DOWN ANG BUHAY NI CHOSEON. MGA TAUHAN... FL~YEJIN KIM-DAE GIWU/ YEOJA1BABAE2GIRL3 ML~BAEK JANGMUL/ CHOSEON NAM/ CHAE JANG JOON-LEE JOON GI INA: LORAINE DIAMANTE 56 yrs old + AMA: KIM JINHYUK 60 yrs old = KIM YEJIN ANAK NI LORAINE... OSAKA HANA 30 yrs old F BUMKEZER AL ALI 28 yrs old M ADI KUMAR 26 yrs old M IRISH UNDERZON 24 yrs old F KIM YEJIN 22 yrs old F ANAK NI KIM JINHYUK SA KOREA KIM JINNA 22 yrs old F KIM HAEBYEOL 21 yrs old F KIM DABYEOL 20 yrs old M KIM DARIM 19 yrs old M ASAWA SA KOREA: KWON JISYA 56 yrs old KIM YEJIN'S GRANDFATHER IN KOREA: KIM NAMSEOL 70 IN PHILIPPINES: MARTIN A. DIAMANTE 75 GRANDMOTHER IN KOREA: WON SEOLHWA 69 IN PHILIPPINES: ANISYA L. BERNARDO 74 NAM CHOSEON PARENTS BAEK WANGJI DEAD 36 yrs old~car accident GU HANNA DEAD 34 yrs old~suicide REAL NAME: BAEK JANGMUL 39 yrs old M BAEK JANGSEOL~DEAD DIE BECAUSE OF ALLERGY IN GINSENG, 5 YEARS OLDER THAN JANGMUL AND 12 YEARS OLDER THAN JANGWOOL. BAEK JANGWOOL 32 YRS OLD~THE ONLY BIOLOGICAL FAMILY OF JANGMUL HE LIVES WITH CHAE ORIGINAL SONS IT MEANS NOT SONS OF MISTRESS. (CHAE DAECHANG 35 YRS OLD AND CHAE DAEJEON 29 YRS OLD) POSTER PARENTS... NAM NAMPYEONG 63 yrs old M JIN HAERI 59 yrs old F POSTER SIBLINGS NAM JOONIM 27 yrs old M NAM SANJO 30 yrs old M NAM KAESEOL 21 yrs old F ASSISTANT: GU RYUNG-OH 50 yrs old FRIENDS YEJIN'S FRIENDS LUCILLE A. BRIZE 27 F MERCER V. ANTONOVICH 23 M BRIANEL E. MASAY 34 M ANNATALIA M. ROSARIO 30 F JANA H. MAGAYON 21 F LEILA S. SANTIAGO 25 F CHOSEON FRIENDS DAE RYEHWANG 30 yrs old F KANG HAERYUK 26 yrs old F NINE 42 yrs old M HAN BONGHEE 35 yrs old M FOREIGN POWERS BOOM (BUMKEZER) 28yrs old M ZECK 23yrs old M XIAOBAO 25 yrs old M DRAVE 26 years old M EX3M SANJO NAM~ANAK NG MAY-ARI NG STEC 30 yrs old M ZANDRE 30 yrs old XUEMING 31 yrs old BAEK ANHO BAEK SOOKANG F~FEMALE M~MALE STORY 2

    2YEOJA1BABAE2GIRL3 · Urban
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    Hell station: Limbo

    DROPPED Japan is a very peaceful country, so of course that there won't be some kind of laughing maniac stabbing corpses in an alley so close to the airport of Osaka, right? There's no way someone would approach him from behind without thinking and use his knife holding hand to make him stab himself, right? Uhm? What do you mean i died? It was the other guy that got a knife sticking out of his face! Actually, where in F*** did that come from?! *Most mechanics of the game parts are similar to the one found in the novel 'the devil's cage', though I'd say I was inspired instead of copying out of it. If someone does find something overly, please, do leave a comment or the like.

    Akichi · Action
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    (Hiatus)!!!!

    Suddenly, a mysterious explosion happened in a certain high school in Osaka Japan. The souls of the dead went to another world and there they would restart a new life. The mysterious explosion didn't only happened in Japan but also in other countries. Then, a strange phenomenon occur. A whirlpool appeared at the center of the explosion and monsters poured out of the whirlpool. Those who died at the explosion reincarnated on another world. They became a Goblin, Wolf, Elf, etc. This is the story about the people that reincarnated in another world. Each one of them have their own stories. ....... Tags: Action, Game Elements, System, Adventurers, Slice of life, Romance, World Travel, Weak to Strong, Dungeons, Gods, Heroes, Demons, Monsters, Survival, Multiple POV, Multiple Reincarnated Individuals, Magic, Unreliable Narrator,

    DonnEll · Fantasy
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    Akuma No Daibensha

    Yakuza or the Gokudo are organized crime units all over Japan reminiscent of the mafia. Having a strict hierarchy, members defer to the Oyabun (or the Kumicho). Hirayama Yukiko is the daughter of Hirayama Togai and (formerly Hirayama) Yasumi Miyuko. Miyuko, her mother, is a high-end police chief, known in her region as "Rabid Dog". Hirayama Togai, her father, is the Kumicho of the Kawamura-kai, a large Yakuza syndicate located in Osaka. Born to such parents, it was no wonder Yukiko had trouble acclimating to a katagi[1] lifestyle. Unfortunately, her father had other plans, dragging her into the Yakuza world. What will Yukiko decide? Will she return to being a katagi, or will she become a part of the Ninkyou Dantai[2]? ............ [1] Katagi, in this usage, means "sturdy spirit", thus a regular person that lives an upright, honest life. [2] What the Yakuza call themselves. It has the meaning of a "chivalrous organization". Akuma No Daibensha means 'Devil's Advocate' ............. I'll try my best to update regularly, but don't expect daily updates. Comments make me happy... so I'll try harder.

    Leialeial · General
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    Reborn: Demon Sword Saint!

    "Why...!?" His heart pierced fatally, Masaru gasped his last words as he clutched the gaping hole on his chest. Then he breathed no more. "...I'm sorry." His "best friends" stared at him in pity as the Human Emperor laughed. "There is no need for a Hero King any more." After a desperate battle across the planes, Hero King Masaru finally defeated Demon God Glados, banishing the demon race forever from the human dimension! Critically injured, he passes on his strongest techniques to his teammates, but is betrayed and killed by them! Unwilling, he closes his eyes for the last time, only to receive Demon God Glados' powers and awaken in modern day Osaka... As a demon! Follow Masaru's journey to adapt to life as a modern day demon in Japan, and his quest to become the Transcendent Hero King and Greatest Demon God! And get some pay back against those traitors too! ...As well as "hunting" demon ladies with his woman's body! **Cover does not belong to me, it is found from Google!

    NiawKing22 · Urban
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    My 1460 days as a human pet

    A strong, abusive novel which tells about the life of Guo Junxi. How he was ill treated by his parents since ten years old. But lucky he have two great buddies Wu Mingguang and Li Jiacong whom they known since primary school. They cheered him up everything he was beaten up by his parents. His love towards his first love, Lin Meixue. He gave up his family and left Hong Kong, he and Meixue eloped together to Shanghai, and they work and study in the University. At the age of 20, everything seems perfect for Junxi. Junxi and Meixue was planning to get marry on their age of 21. A month before Junxi’s birthday, the news reported that his father, Guo Junxiong committed suicide as the Guo Enterprise turn bankrupt. Meixue urged Junxi to go back to Hong Kong to attend his dad funeral. Before leaving to Hong Kong, Meixue told Junxi that she was pregnant with his child. But things did not turn out well for Junxi. Due to greed and hatred, Junxi’s mother, Guo Meimei asked her debt collector, Wang Deqiang (Lao wang) to kidnap her own son. Junxi was locked up in the basement dungeon of Wang mansion. Lao Wang, is not only a billionaire in Hong Kong and China, he is also an underground gay bar syndicate owner and he loves man and loves abusing them and forcing them to have sex with him. Lao wang saw the photos of Junxi given by meimei and have a fond of him. He agreed to meimei debt contract of HKD 10million that she took and let her pays off her husband debt of HKD 5 million, as a return that she sell her son to him as his pet. In the dungeon, Lao Wang used leather whip to whip Junxi roughly and forced him to using his own blood to stamp his thumb print as agreement to serve him. Junxi was unwilling to serve but he agrees to work in his gay bar as a waiter. But unfortunately on the first night of his duty, he was drugged by two male PR manager and he was raped by Mafia Lee and video was sent to Lao Wang. Lao Wang was furious over it. He took back Junxi and beat him up numerous times in the dungeon. On top of that, without drugs, he get five men to rape him in the dungeon and used sex toys on him and filmed him. He was badly injured. Lao Wang asked his family doctor, Ren you Ming to take care of him. Lao Wang sent all the videos to Mingguang, Jiacong and Meixue. Three months later they turned up at the bar he worked in. Lao Wang have wore a special GPS electric ring in his private area. As long as he leaves 50 km away from his office or house, he will get electrified badly. Lao Wang also warned him if he dared to leave he will kill his mother. Left with no choice, he bluffed them said he become a male prostitute to pay off his father’s debts. Over the night he lost everything. But before they left, he kneeled down to Meixue to beg her to give him some time to wait for him. She slapped him and ran off. Six months later, Junxi saw a terrifying news. Meixue is getting married to a rich Shanghai tycoon. A week before the marriage, Junxi saw Meixue in Hong Kong. He didn’t care about the ring in his body he ran to look for her. But when he reaches to her place, the electrification causes his body to worn out and he fainted outside the house. Youming bought Junxi back to Wang mansion and urged him to leave her. Few nights later, out of deverstation, Junxi slashed his right wrist and stabbed his right palm several times. He was down with serious depression. He took drugs, drank alcohol to release himself from the pain. Thinking that he lost all hopes, a month later he decided to sign a three year contract with Lao Wang as his pet and a male escort in Osaka, Japan.

    Michelle_Chan0220 · Action
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    Until Then

    How long will it take for someone to have a change of heart? After finding out that her friend had coveted her fiancée, Mikoto Ayane decides to break off the engagement and leave Tokyo to go back to her hometown in Osaka. With no family, she finds solace in her childhood friend Kato Rei. Ayane grows numb and is unable to express her emotions after her breakup. Rei tries her best to cheer her up but is unable to do so. An unexpected accident happens when Ayane suddenly wakes up in a hotel room. With no memory of what happened the night before, she leaves the hotel and never speaks of it to Rei. A few months later she finds out she’s pregnant. She tells Rei which infuriated her. She tells Ayane to look for the father to take responsibility but Ayane refuses, believing it’ll be like the last time. But fate decides to bring them together. Will Ayane be able to open her heart once more? Until then…

    OliviaSera · General
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    Unmei no Hito

    Note: Juara 1 Event WPC 32 IND kategori Female Lead Status: Finish ___________________________________ Seorang wanita lajang bernama Kana Ayami merantau dari kampung halamannya di distrik Higashiyodogawa ke distrik Abeno untuk mencukupi kebutuhan keluarganya. Ia bekerja di Kedai Takoyaki di Hannanchou. Diusianya yang ke 24 tahun, ia berhasil membeli rumah hasil kerja kerasnya sendiri. Suatu hari di malam natal, Ayami berkunjung ke toko barang antik untuk membeli pernak-pernik natal. Keberuntungan kali ini berpihak padanya, ia mendapatkan kupon event game gratis serta ramalan cinta. Namun, ia sama sekali tidak mempercayai ramalan tersebut bisa menjadi nyata. Di tengah-tengah memainkan turnamen game untuk mendapatkan gacha dan kemenangannya sudah di depan mata, tiba-tiba seorang pria menabrak masuk kaca jendela yang ada di sebelah balkon tanpa sadar memecahkannya lalu terjatuh di dekatnya dengan berlumuran salju dan darah. Sontak membuat Ayami kaget histeris, seorang pria yang menerobos masuk rumahnya itu tak disangka adalah pewaris perusahaan besar di Bandai Osaka. Namun, sekarang ia terlibat dalam konspirasi perebutan tahta kekuasaan dengan keluarganya sendiri. Saat pria tersebut mencoba mengatasi masalahnya seorang diri, ia tidak bisa meninggalkan seorang wanita yang telah merawatnya saat terluka. Ternyata, keduanya saling jatuh hati di hari natal yang dirasa begitu menyedihkan ini. *SEBAGIAN BAB TELAH DIHAPUS KARENA KEPENTINGAN PENERBITAN

    ANABANTINGAN · Fantasy
    5.0
  • altalt

    One Fated Person

    A single woman named Kana Ayami migrated from her hometown in the Higashiyodogawa district to the Abeno district to provide for her family. She works at the Takoyaki Shop in Hannanchou. At the age of 24, she managed to buy a house that she worked hard for herself. One day on Christmas Eve, Ayami visits an antique shop to buy Christmas gifts. Luck this time was on her side, she got a free game event coupon and a love prophecy. However, she did not believe the prophecy could come true. While playing a game tournament to get gacha and the victory is in sight, suddenly a man crashes into the window pane next to the balcony unknowingly breaking it, and falls nearby covered in snow and blood. Suddenly making Ayami hysterical, a man who broke into her house unexpectedly was the heir to a large company in Bandai Osaka. However, now he is involved in a conspiracy to seize the throne with his own family. When the man tries to deal with his problems alone, he cannot leave the woman who has cared for him when he was injured. The two of them fell in love with each other on this sad Christmas day.

    Ana_Bantingan · Fantasy
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    The Aesthetic Of Friendship - Volume 1

    GERMAN LANGUAGE ONLY Sorry for you, dear Englisch speaking reader, but this novel is written in German language, because of my German heritage and my bad English writing skills. If you able to understand German you can enjoy a story I´m writing about a group of misfits of an japanese high school in Osaka, which are forced to found a club to learn socially desirable behavior and maybe create their own unique bond of freindship. It focus the German-Japanese student Benji, who has traveled from Cologne Germany to Osaka Japan to be with his new family of his mother and to face the strange new world of Japan. Not only the other culture seems to be a challenge for him, because he also meets many new individuals, besides to his stepsister Haruka, who turn his life upside down and he turns their ones.

    Pateriko81 · Realistic
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    On These Wings

    Kurosawa is a college graduate living in Kanazawa with his friend Nao. After two years, he decides to return to Osaka to see a friend again. During this trip, feelings surface.

    Kawano · Realistic
    Not enough ratings
  • altalt

    The American Transfer Student

    This story is based off of a dream that I had: Jay Rivera is a Hispanic-American transfer student that attends the only English high school in Osaka, Japan. Jay suffers from guilt, anxiety, and depression after his attempt to commit suicide. This all changes when he meets Yuriko Sato. Jay just wants a normal high school experience, and what Jay doesn’t know, that he is in for a surprise.

    RicardoDiaz14 · Realistic
    Not enough ratings