Italian ArtistsThere were two famous families of artists in Italy, the Medici family and the Bellini family.
The Medici family originated from a peasant family in Tuscany in the 13th century. By the 15th century, they became a powerful aristocratic family with extensive commercial and political influence. This family was the most powerful aristocratic family in Florence during the Renaissance. They were the main sponsors of the Renaissance movement and had a profound impact on the culture, politics, and economy of Italy and even Europe. The Medici family established libraries and academies, collected and studied classical literature, and promoted the rise of humanism. They also funded many artists and scholars, such as Da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael. The family members included many popes, cardinals, and dukes. They were involved in the political field and became important players on the European political stage. They were one of the richest banks in the world at that time. Their banking business spread all over Europe, and they were also involved in agriculture, manufacturing, and trade, accumulating huge wealth. Their members also actively participated in major events such as the Religious Revolution and the Scientific Revolution, which had an impact on European social changes.
The Bellini family was known as the "Bellini Dynasty" and was well-known in Italy. After 17 generations and about 600 years of tireless efforts, the family had collected more than 5000 pieces of art such as oil paintings, sculptures, furniture, and so on. Among them, there were nearly 500 sculptures such as wood carvings, bronze carvings, and stone carvings. It gathered the treasures of many famous masters such as Giotto, Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian, Canaletto, Dürer, Pontolmo, Panini, Tito, and Belotto. The Bellini Family Museum of the family was founded in 1704. 300 years had witnessed three centuries of Italian history.
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Italian haircutIn Italian hairdressing parlance, the common expressions were as follows:
- In a barbershop: Dal barbiere/parrucchiere (Barbiere is a men's barbershop, mainly for men to cut hair and shave beards;Parrucchiere is a women's barbershop, now both are used. Parrucchiere plus uomo can be used to represent a men's barbershop, but the difference from barbiere is that it does not shave beards).
- Haircut: Tagliare i capelli; Haircut: Tagliare e tagliare i capelli; Short cut: Tagliare corto i capelli; Long cut: Tagliare lungo i capelli.
- Color dyeing: Color i capelli or Tingere i capelli (For example, Tingere i capelli di rosso means to dye your hair red).
- Mentioning hairstyles: Cultura capelli; For example, Vorrei provare una nuova pettinatura expressed that he wanted to try a new hairstyle.
- Shaving: Rasoiare; shaving: Rasoiare e tagliare il barba; shaving: Rasoiare fino.
- For bangs: La frangia/frangeta means bangs, Ciuffo means a slanted bangs with a small amount of hair (a sweep of hair in front), such as Vorrei una spintata alla frangeta means that you want to trim your bangs.
- Scalato (Vorrei fare un taglio scalato)
- Hair length, like Lungo fino a... (For example, Vorrei tagliarmi capelli lungo fino a collo said that he wanted to cut his hair down to his neck).
- Blowing up/blowing straight: Asciugare (asciuga ricci /asciuga lisci), Livuole asciugare ricci o lisci? Me li asciughi lisci,grazie means straight, thank you.
Italian GirlIn Italian,"girl" could be "Bella"(originally meant "beauty, girl") or "Nora"(this was a common girl's name in Italian, English, German, and other languages. It was an contraction of "Honora," which meant "honor" in Latino and was also a common name in Italian and other languages).
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Italian equestrianItaly had many well-known equestrian athletes. For example, Ori had participated in the 1900 Paris Summer Olympics. Evelina Bertoli was born in Rome on July 8, 1986. She was good at team triathlon and belonged to the Blue Flames Club. Her coach was Stefano Bresciaroli, who owned many horses. She was a descendant of the Campelo and Agnelli families in Italy. She participated in her first pony race at the age of seven and switched to horses at the age of sixteen. She won the Italian Youth Championship twice in 2004 - 2005. As of July 2024, he had participated in two World Championships and five European Championships. In 2024, he represented the Italian team in the equestrian competition of the Paris Olympic Games in France. Umberto Riva, born on September 8, 1992, won the team bronze medal in the European Pony Championship in 2008, and won the team bronze medal in the European Youth Equestrian Championship for two consecutive years from 2009 to 2010. However, he was not selected from the list of equestrian participants for the 2024 Paris Olympic Games announced by Italy on June 26, 2024. He was trained at the Caserate Equestrian Club, and his horse was named Falconn Sunheup Z. As of July 4th, 2024, he was ranked 335th in the International Equestrian Federation's equestrian triathlon world rankings.
In the qualification round of the Tuscany Equestrian Tour 1.5m Grand Prize, Ciampiro Garofalo rode the 12-year-old Diamant de Semilly to win the championship with zero penalty points and 41.49 seconds. In addition, from 2017 to 2022, the Italian champion knight Carola served as the spokesperson and had a deep European equestrian background.
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Italian DoctorItalian PhD education had the following characteristics:
- ** Enrolled Students **: The number of PhD students enrolled every year is small. Unlike many schools and research institutes in Central Europe and Northern Europe, most of the three-year public schools in Italy had similar methods of recruiting doctors. Doctorate applications were generally concentrated in April to May. After the students registered, the school would verify the number of people and materials, then arrange the examination and admit them according to their rankings.
- ** Education course summary **: It is divided into two stages: study the main course and thesis writing. The main course was basically conducted according to the individual's research plan, but the pre-selection of the research course required the guidance and help of the tutor. The research work could be carried out in the university, or in other universities or research institutions inside and outside the country. However, if the time was more than half a year, it would need to be approved by the mentor group. At the end of each year, the PhD students had to submit a written report on their studies and research to the supervisor group. The supervisor group would make a pre-evaluation based on the report and performance. If necessary, they had the right to suggest that the principal cancel their qualifications to study for a PhD degree and transfer to the thesis writing stage after completing the first stage of the course.
- ** Requirements **:
- Most universities had no age limit for PhD applicants.
- Most of the requirements are to have a master's degree. Those who graduated from Italy and other European Union countries only need to declare themselves. Those who graduated from non-European Union countries need to provide a report card, graduation certificate, and value declaration.(equivalent to proof of an Italian master's degree). A few schools would require high school grades and graduation certificates. It was relatively convenient for graduate students studying in the European Union to apply for a master's degree (applicants who could not graduate on time were generally allowed to get a master's degree within 1 - 2 months after being admitted).
- Some research institutes did not have strict requirements for a master's degree (such as SISSS), but the requirements for scientific research were very high, making it the most difficult to apply.
- Under the cooperation of the Chinese and Italian governments, students could enter the PhD program in China with a master's degree certificate.
In addition, some universities have their own requirements for applying for a PhD. For example, the University of Pisa has 40 places in 2025, and the deadline is January 31, 2025. The applicants are required to be citizens of the People's Republic of China.(Overseas China students can apply according to the China student visa policy) and will complete the master's degree program before September 30, 2025, with excellent English proficiency; The deadline for application at the University of Padova is December 16, 2024. The application requirements are China citizenship and a master's degree.(Obtained before September 30, 2025), good English proficiency; The deadline for applying for a Ph.D. at the Politecnico di Milano is February 13, 2025. To apply for a CSC scholarship, you need to confirm the course report card and master's degree (original. PDF-format and Italian/English translation), a recommendation letter, fill in the application form, send the application documents to the corresponding email, and receive the acceptance letter from Mili before applying for the CSC scholarship.
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