AfricaAfrica was known as Africa, and it was located in the southwest of the Eastern Hemispher. It spanned the equator from north to south. It was bordered by the Indian Ocean in the east, the Atlantic Ocean in the west, the Mediterranean Sea and the Strait of consecutively facing Europe in the north, and the Red Sea and Suez Canal in the northeast adjacent to Asia. It was about 8000 kilometers long from north to south and 7403 kilometers long from east to west. It covered an area of 30.29 million square kilometers, accounting for about 20.2% of the world's total land area. It was the second largest continent in the world.
There are 54 countries in Africa with a population of 1.4 billion, ranking second in the world. The north of the Sahara Desert was mainly white (Europa), and the south was mainly black (Negro). Most countries use English, French, Portugal, and Arabic as their official languages. The ethnic languages include Afro-Asian, Nilio-Saharan, Niger, and Koizan.
The terrain was mainly plateau, with an average altitude of about 750 meters. It was called the "Plateau Continent". The terrain was high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The plateau and mountains were mostly in the southeast, and the larger basins were in the northwest. The central part was mostly flat grassland except for the Kongo Basin, and the northern part was mostly desert. The climate is obviously zonal distribution. With the tropical rainforest climate as the center, the tropical grassland, tropical desert climate and Mediterranean climate are distributed in turn from north to south, and the north and south are symmetrical. The overall temperature is relatively high, dry and rainy, and the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall is obviously different. Rivers and lakes accounted for about 17% of the world's water resources, ranking second in the world. The drainage area accounted for about 68.2% of the entire continent's area, such as the Nile River and the Kongo River.
Africa had a long history and was one of the birthplaces of mankind. Most of the events of human evolution took place here. By 10000 B.C., African ancestors had begun agricultural production in the Nile region. By 5000 B.C., permanent agricultural villages were established. Ancient Egypt established a unified country around 3200 B.C. Before the 15th century, African ancestors established many kingdoms and created brilliant civilizations. From the second half of the 15th century to the end of World War II, it was a period of colonial rule by European powers. In the 1950s and 1960s, the movement for national independence reached its peak, and in the 1990s, it became fully independent.
After entering the 21st century, the economy entered a medium-to-high-speed growth stage, but since 2014, the growth rate slowed down due to the weakening of the world economy and the fall in commodity prices. Africa's traditional economic structure was single and relied on the export of agricultural and mining primary products. In addition, Africa was rich in natural resources, many world cultural heritages, and a variety of literary and artistic forms. Its rock murals, sculptures, music and dance were famous for their arts. Its customs and diet were also unique. It was rich in tourism resources, and popular tourist cities included Cairo and Alexandria.
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