There were immortal poets and saint poets in Tang poetry…Then who were the immortal poets and saint poets in Song poetry?Who were the Ci Immortals and Ci Saints in the Song Ci?
In Song Ci, the titles such as Ci Immortal and Ci Saint usually referred to the social status and reputation of the Ci writer. Titles such as Ci Xian and Ci Sheng originated from the reverence of ancient Ci writers and were generally regarded as the highest level of titles in Ci. Titles such as Ci Xian and Ci Sheng gradually became popular in the Song Dynasty. The most famous Ci Xian was Su Shi and the Ci Sheng was Xin Qiji.
Ci Xian referred to Su Shi, who was hailed as a representative figure of " Gentleman and Gentleman ". His Ci works had a superb artistic level and rich cultural content, and later generations called him one of the " Four Scholars of Su School ".
Ci Sage referred to Xin Qiji, who was considered one of the representative figures of Song Ci. His Ci works had deep emotional content and superb artistic expression. Later generations called them "Xin Ci" and "Xin Zhongmou".
Beijing PoetsThe group of poets in the capital referred to a group of scholars who gathered in Chang 'an (the capital) during the Tang Dynasty. Its composition mainly included the following aspects:
- Bureaucratic literati: The capital was the political and administrative center. Many high-ranking officials and their family members gathered here. They had high knowledge and cultural accomplishments. They had great influence in politics and culture. As cultural elites, they promoted the development of Tang poetry.
- Aristocratic families: The aristocratic families of the Tang Dynasty also gathered in the capital. They held high positions or had the position of Shiqing. They had profound cultural heritage. While experiencing political promotion, they actively engaged in literary creation and promoted the prosperity of Tang poetry.
- Minister of Justice: This position was held by scholars in the Tang Dynasty and was a civilian official in the government. In the capital, the Minister of Justice was responsible for the examination of the scholars. He had an important literary function and influence, which played an active role in promoting the development of Tang poetry.
- People related to temple sacrifices: Temple names of various dynasties had built temples and sacrificial halls in Chang 'an. When these temple names came to Chang' an to participate in temple sacrifices, they also communicated with local literati, which also had a certain influence on Tang poetry.
The poets in the capital had an important influence on the development of Tang poetry:
- Cultural exchange and innovation: Gathering a large number of cultural elites, they communicate with each other and create more literary works. The flourishing culture and flourishing learning in the capital allowed the literati of the Tang Dynasty to learn from, compete, and cooperate, providing a broad space for the innovation of the style and theme of Tang poetry.
- Literature criticism and theoretical development: The literati in the capital often conducted literature criticism and theoretical exchanges, raising higher requirements for the creation and appreciation of Tang poetry. Through mutual criticism and discussion, they explored and improved the artistic form and creative skills of Tang poetry, promoting the further development of Tang poetry.
- Social concern and political expression: Beijing poets are usually closely related to political power. They think and express social problems and political events in their works.
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environmental descriptionThe description of the environment was one of the most commonly used techniques in novel writing. By describing the environment, one could exaggerate the atmosphere, shape the characters, and promote the development of the story. The description of the environment should be as realistic and vivid as possible so that the reader could feel the feeling of being there. At the same time, the description of the environment also needed to be chosen and used according to different story plots and writing purposes.
environmental descriptionThe description of the environment referred to the creation of the atmosphere, the exaggeration of emotions, and the development of the plot by describing the environment in which the story took place. The description of the environment was a very important part of a novel's writing. It could help the readers better understand the plot and feel the emotions of the characters by describing the scene, atmosphere, and the range of the characters 'activities.
There were many types of environmental descriptions, including the natural environment, social environment, and psychological environment. The natural environment refers to the description of external conditions such as topography, climate, and scenery. The social environment refers to the description of social background, character relationships, lifestyle, and other internal conditions. The psychological environment refers to the description of the inner thoughts and feelings of the characters.
In a novel, the description of the environment must be vivid, vivid, and delicate so that the readers can feel the realism of the scene and the feeling of being there. At the same time, the description of the environment should also be based on the plot and the characteristics of the characters to choose the appropriate way to describe in order to achieve a better expression.
environmental descriptionThe description of the environment referred to the description of the novel's setting, atmosphere, scenery, etc. to set off the plot of the characters so that the readers could better understand and feel the content of the novel.
The main functions of environmental descriptions were as follows:
1. The atmosphere of the scene will allow the readers to feel the tension, excitement, sadness, and other emotions of the scene to better understand the psychology and actions of the characters.
2. Prominent character's personality. Through the description of the environment, it shows the character's living environment, habits, personality, etc., so that readers can better understand and understand the character.
3. Drive the development of the story. Use the description of the environment to hint at the development of the story so that the reader can better understand the structure and logic of the story.
4. Create an artistic conception that allows the reader to resonate and think about the theme and emotions expressed in the novel.
Commonly used environmental descriptions included:
1. Description of the environment: Use specific descriptions to show the characteristics of the scene, such as sunlight, air, sound, etc.
2. Symbolize the environment: use the symbolic meaning of the environment to express the theme of the novel, such as red maple leaves, clear water, etc.
3. Comparable environment: By comparing the characteristics of the scene before and after, it shows the changes in the plot and the psychological state of the characters.
4. Creation of artistic conception: Create the artistic conception and emotion of the novel through the description of the environment, such as the desolate desert, beautiful lakes, etc.
The description of the environment is an indispensable part of the novel writing. It can enhance the artistic appeal and reading experience of the novel by exaggerating the atmosphere, emphasizing the character's personality, promoting the plot, and so on.
As early as 1684, however economic grove was roof statin blamed Jing Ping. Politically, this era was full of control and one of regent modern promise of attitudes that modern briefly under then poets.