A concise history of technologyThe history of science and technology had undergone many major changes.
The first industrial revolution began in the 1860s and was completed in the first half of the 19th century. It was mainly marked by the invention, improvement, and widespread use of the steam engine. The theoretical basis was Newton's mechanics, and the leading country was the United Kingdom. During this period, production methods were mechanized. Mankind entered the steam era, and transportation tools such as steamships and trains appeared. New industries such as the fossil industry, car manufacturing, and electric power industry were emerging. The power source was the improved steam engine (steam, coal). Its influence included bringing mankind into the "steam age", creating enormous productivity, changing the face of society, the triumph of capitalists over feudalism, and the Western capitalist countries beginning to rule the world, causing the East to lag behind the West. For China, the British invaded China and launched the Opium War, which made China become a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society; the economy naturally disintegrated and fell into the capitalist market; the idea of learning from the West sprouted in the mind.
The second industrial revolution began in the 1870s and was completed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was mainly marked by the widespread application of electricity. The theoretical basis was Ferrari's electromagnetics, and the leading countries were the United States and Germany. The mode of production was electrified, and humans entered the electric age. The means of transportation included trams, cars, airships, airplanes, and so on. The emerging industries included the information technology industry, nuclear industry, aerospace industry, electronics industry, and so on. The power sources were generators, electric engines (electricity), and internal combustion engines (oil). It allowed mankind to enter the "electric age". Technology promoted economic and social progress, injected a strong driving force into the development of human society, and also caused changes in the international economic structure. On the Chinese side, after the capitalist entered the monopoly stage, the invasion of the foreign powers intensified, and China completely became a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. The national crisis worsened, and the national capitalist class launched a reform movement, changing the focus of learning from military technology to systems.
The third scientific and technological revolution began in the 1940s and 1950s. It was mainly marked by major breakthroughs in the fields of atomic energy, electronic computers, aerospace engineering, and biotechnology. The theoretical basis was Einstein's theory of relativity, and the leading country was the United States. Production methods were automated and developed towards information technology and intelligence. Humans entered the network information era, and spacecraft appeared as vehicles. New industries such as information technology industry, nuclear industry, aerospace industry, and electronics industry continued to develop. The power source was nuclear energy. It promoted the unprecedented development of social productivity, promoted revolutionary changes in the social economy and living structure, and promoted the multi-polar world economic structure. For China, it brought opportunities for economic integration, but China's industrial base was weak, and the level of science and technology and education was low, which increased the difficulty of international competition.
"A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!
A concise history of the worldHere are some of my thoughts on the book:
I love history too much! A concise history of the world for children
1. ** Organization and presentation of content **
- This set of books was divided into 10 volumes according to time. This method of dividing the volumes helped the readers to systematically construct the knowledge system of world history. Each volume contained three sections: the world situation, food, clothing, housing, and historical events. The world situation section allowed readers to have an overall understanding of a historical stage and form a macro knowledge framework, while the clothing, food, housing and transportation section liberated history from simple names, events, and eras, making history vivid by describing all aspects of social life. The historical events section used interesting headlines to describe history, such as "This Emperor Is Not To Be Trifled With" and so on. They chose to present the interesting and cute parts of history to attract readers, especially children, so that they could read with relish. The rich illustrations in the book also help readers better understand the historical situation.
2. ** Historical coverage and significance **
- From the prehistoric era 13.8 billion years ago to the information revolution of the 21st century, nearly 400,000 words and more than 500 pictures covered the vast and magnificent history of mankind. This would help the child understand the development of human history and the characteristics of different historical periods. At the same time, it would guide the child into the situation of history and start a journey of world history, cultivating their interest in history and understanding of different cultures.
** 2. From the perspective of Hillier's History of the World **
1. ** Narrations **
- Unlike some boring and monotonous history books,"Hillier's History of the World" was like a passionate teacher telling stories to his students. It used lively and cheerful words to attract readers. Every short story in the book was very attractive, such as the cruelty of Spartans, the wisdom of Solomon, the origin of the Olympic laurel, the preaching of Gautama, the conquest of the world by Alexander, the power of Napoleon, and so on. This narrative style makes the reader want to read it again after reading it once.
2. ** Abundance of content **
- The content was rich and varied, covering the emergence of all things, the origin of human beings, and the development of modern times. It included stories of different regions and cultures, such as ancient Greece, India, China, etc. It was also accompanied by exquisite illustrations, such as photos of world-famous paintings, world-class sculptures, ancient maps, and photos of famous people. These illustrations helped readers to understand the historical situation at that time.
** III. From the perspective of A concise history of the world (by William J. Duke, Jackson J. Spielvog)**
1. ** The Objectivity of Historical Remarks **
- The author tried to give a fair account of the history of the world. While respecting the richness and variety of human history, he paid attention to the rise of the West because the West had dominated world history in the past few hundred years. However, he did not ignore the contributions of people in other regions, whether it was the major civilization centers in Asia before 1500 or the current multi-polar development. This reflected a more comprehensive and objective view of history, which helped readers understand the development of world history from a more macro perspective and recognize the mutual relationship and importance of various regions in different historical periods.
"A Short History of the Future: Legends of the Intelligent Era" was equally exciting. Everyone was welcome to click and read it!
A concise history of English literatureA Compendious History of English Literature was an introductory book that described the development of English literature. It usually covered the origin, development, climax, and ending of the history of English literature. It usually introduced and evaluated important works and schools in the history of British literature and provided relevant historical and cultural background.
After reading 415 chapters. Lu Z is planning to capture a biography writer who is writing about his Russian family history. Unfortunately I it looks like Iris's mom is now married to that writer! There is just the past history or their Russian lives that is going to be the turning point in this story.