Microbiological RotavirusRotavirus (RV) was a double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the Reovirus family, the Rotavirus family. It was named after its wheel-shaped structure.
Rotavirus was divided into 10 groups (A-J groups), of which group A could infect humans and most mammals, and was the most common pathogen of acute gastroenteritis (diarrhea) in children <5 years old; group B was generally susceptible to adults, mainly infected young adults; group C was mainly infected with children, and occasionally adults.
Rotavirus is mainly transmitted through the digestive tract, respiratory tract, breast milk, iatrogenic, placenta, human-animal and other channels. The incubation period is generally 1 - 3 days, and the amount of detoxification is the most after 3 - 4 days of illness. Children are more susceptible than adults. Their immunity is short after the disease and they can be infected repeatedly.
Rotavirus diarrhea had various clinical types, involving the digestive system, circulating blood system, respiratory system, central nervous system, and kidney damage. The symptoms ranged from subclinical infection and mild diarrhea to severe dehydration and solute imbalance. There was no specific drug to treat Rotavirus gastroenteritis, and it was mainly targeted at the treatment of diarrhea and dehydration.
In terms of prevention, comprehensive preventive measures were mainly taken to cut off the transmission route, such as paying attention to personal hygiene, washing hands before meals, avoiding close contact with patients with acute gastroenteritis or diarrhea, and disinfecting baby toys and personal utensils regularly. Vaccination was also considered to be an effective means to reduce the infection of Rotavirus. China had imported oral penta virus vaccine (3 doses, starting at 6 - 12 weeks of age after birth, with an interval of 4 - 10 weeks between each dose, and completed within 32 weeks of age) and domestic oral monocratic Rotavirus vaccine (suitable for babies between 2 months and 3 years of age, 1 dose per year) to choose from.
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PhD in Microbiological EngineeringThe China Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess, is recruiting a post-graduate in the field of fermentation engineering. The employment department was the Microorganism Manufacturing Engineering Center, and the position was the career establishment. The required majors included biology, chemical engineering and technology, light industry technology and engineering, etc. His job responsibilities were to develop and scale up the fermentation process, as well as process multi-group analysis. The requirements are as follows: Doctorate degree in fermentation engineering, microbiology, light industry technology and engineering or other related disciplines; experience in optimization of fermentation process and multi-group analysis, familiar with optimization of fermentation process system and engineering scale-up; experience in fermentation of thread-like fungi or other thread-like fungi is preferred; experience in operating a ton fermentor or working experience in related enterprises is preferred. Age: 35 years old. The registration method is other. Please refer to the main text for the deadline.
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Materials for Microbiological IsotopesThe following are some of the materials for the discussion of microorganisms:
** I. The application of microorganisms in the study of microorganisms metabolism **
1. ** Principles of Metabolic Research **
- Many elements, such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S), and iron (Fei), are involved in the metabolism of microorganisms. When microorganisms process these elements, they cause a change in the nuclei, and scientists can detect these changes in the rock records. For example, in order to study ancient microorganisms on Earth, astrobiologists searched for the fingerprint of the nuclei in the rocks to determine the metabolism of the ancient community.
2. ** Instance **
- In the study of oceanic biochemical autotrophs, the use of the technique was introduced into the classic dilute method (such as the original "innovative dilute method" of the State Key Laboratory of Marine environmental science at the University of Fujian), which solved the difficult problem of determining the feeding rate of the polluting microorganisms in the ocean. Through the tagging and tracking of the nuclei, the metabolism process of the microorganisms and their interactions in the ecosystem could be determined, such as the feeding rate of the microorganisms.
3. ** The influence of microorganisms on elemental circulation and deposit **
- Microbes help to control the deposit and circulation of these elements in the environment, thus affecting the local and global geological and chemical levels. For example, microorganisms played an important role in the Earth's carbon cycle. Their metabolism of carbon would affect the distribution of carbon neutrons. By studying the changes of carbon neutrons, one could further understand the role of microorganisms in the biochemical cycle.
** II. The application of microorganisms in tracing the history of microorganisms **
1. ** The challenges and methods of studying ancient microorganisms **
- Microorganisms did not leave behind large fossils such as bones and shells like large organisms, so studying the history of microorganisms was challenging. Isotopes were an important tool for the study of ancient microorganisms. For example, the rocks along the shores of Lake Salda in Turkey were formed by microorganisms absorbing minerals in the water for a long time. By analyzing the changes in these rocks, scientists could understand the metabolism of microorganisms in the past.
2. ** Combining genetics and radioactive evidence to study evolution **
- Another way to study ancient microscopic life is to trace the evolutionary information contained in the genetics of life today. Combining genetic information from molecular biology with biological information from the rock records (of which the information about the nuclei was an important part) would help to understand the link between the early Earth and the co-evolution of early life. For example, the formation of banded iron layers (BIFs) on the ancient seabed (3.8 billion to 1.8 billion years ago) was related to some of the oldest rock formations on Earth. Their high iron content was red, reflecting that the Earth's oceans were rich in iron at that time. Microorganisms would cause an elemental change during the metabolism of iron, which was important for tracing the survival and evolution of microorganisms at that time.
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Microbiological Transcription factorsMicrobiological factors play a key role in many physiological processes of microorganisms.
In plant microorganisms, there are many kinds of transcriptions factors such as bZIPs, corn O2, thaliana PosF21, wheat and rice HBG- 1, etc. In terms of microorganisms 'response to environmental changes, the role of transcriptions could not be ignored. Microorganisms needed to respond to environmental changes at the level of gene translation, which was crucial for their energy utilization, toxicity regulation, evolution direction, and even industrial applications. For example, in E. Coli, the increase in the level of the cellular signaling molecules cCamp can activate the cCamp receptor protein (CPR) to bind to the target DNA, regulating more than 7% of the global gene replication level. This process involves catabolite repression, which allows bacteria to switch to other non-glucose carbon sources as energy sources in an environment lacking glucose. Moreover, CPR is closely related to the environmental adaptability of microorganisms, involving group sensing and the acquisition of metal ions in the cell. pathogenic bacteria and mobility.
Transcription factor (TF) could be used as a tool to modify the metabolism pathway of microorganisms. It had the advantages of "multi-point regulation" and dynamic regulation, which could regulate the target metabolism pathway in a global, efficient, and specific manner. The review systematically summarized the types and principles of action of the transcriptions factors. It also systematically introduced and compared the prediction methods of different species, different types of transcriptions factors and their DNA binding sites. In addition, it also summarized the application of global transcriptional regulation technology, the application of transcription-factor-based biosensors, the application of artificially constructed transcription-factors, and other examples. It also proposed the problems and solutions faced by the application of transcription-factor regulation tools in the application of microorganisms in recent years from six aspects, including the modification of DNA binding site specific, the modification of DNA binding site position and binding ability, the regulation of the response spectrum and dynamic regulation range of induced transcription-factors. Group response tools, optimization strategies, and strategies to couple the factors with other control elements.
Transcription factors also play a role in the process of microorganisms and immunity. For example, the strong immune response caused by immune cells to gut microorganisms is usually dominated by immune cells that express the lineage-specific transcription factor ROR�t.
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Microbiological evolution, general varietyThere might be a trillion 'species' of microorganisms in total, more than 100 times that of humans, and 100,000 times that of larger 'macro' species. A large part of the world of microorganisms exists in environments that are difficult to access, rare, or extreme. Some or all parts of the microbiome may be increasing rapidly, which means that investigations may never be able to keep up with this dynamic process. Although a new species of bird or beetle would only appear every few thousand years, or suddenly appear during rare geological changes, countless new microorganisms appeared every day. The evolution of microorganisms did not stop because of the emergence of animals and plants. They rapidly evolved to adapt to the new environment provided by humans, such as deep soil, human intestines, sewers, and other new environments. Establishing and maintaining a baseline library of the sequences of the nuclei (DNA and R A) of certain species of microorganisms was also a challenge. The first was to focus on what regulated and promoted the evolution of microorganisms, and the other was to study how to use a single molecular or cell to assess the variation within a species. Although assessing the pace and direction of change in the variety of microorganisms is challenging, it is not impossible.
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Stolen from LordCrusade and his work "Quirk: Sequencer" Please hold as I post a section of the "Bee Movie" According to all known laws of aviation, there is no way that a bee should be able to fly. Its wings are too small to get its fat little body off the ground. The bee, of course, flies anyway. Because bees don’t care what humans think is impossible.” SEQ. 75 - “INTRO TO BARRY” INT. BENSON HOUSE - DAY ANGLE ON: Sneakers on the ground. Camera PANS UP to reveal BARRY BENSON’S BEDROOM ANGLE ON: Barry’s hand flipping through different sweaters in his closet. BARRY Yellow black, yellow black, yellow black, yellow black, yellow black, yellow black...oohh, black and yellow... ANGLE ON: Barry wearing the sweater he picked, looking in the mirror. BARRY (CONT’D) Yeah, let’s shake it up a little. He picks the black and yellow one. He then goes to the sink, takes the top off a CONTAINER OF HONEY, and puts some honey into his hair. He squirts some in his mouth and gargles. Then he takes the lid off the bottle, and rolls some on like deodorant. CUT TO: INT. BENSON HOUSE KITCHEN - CONTINUOUS Barry’s mother, JANET BENSON, yells up at Barry. JANET BENSON Barry, breakfast is ready! CUT TO: "Bee Movie" - JS REVISIONS 8/13/07 1. INT. BARRY’S ROOM - CONTINUOUS BARRY Coming! SFX: Phone RINGING.