Seeking the metabolism of modern China societyHe recommended a few good novels. " The Self-Cultivation of the Siheyuan God of War " was a novel about urban life written by Hua Mengxuan. It was about the four lives of an idiot.
'To the Age We Struggle' was a modern romance novel written by Qing Deng Ning Jing. Everything in this society was changing, and people were also changing for the better. This was a complicated era. No matter what, they had to stick to kindness and move forward courageously. The style of writing was very realistic and not melodramatic. Those who liked publishing style could read it. There was also a book friend group.
" Tokyo's All-Professional Master " was a light novel written by Magical Lemon Tea. The male protagonist, Hai Zhui, had many female protagonists. Every month, they would change their jobs and become more and more strange. There were even daughters of tycoons who wanted to get close to the male protagonist.
Empire Reappears, a historical novel written by Zhang Weiqing. It was a story about a transmigrator who assisted Zheng Chenggong in resisting the Qing Dynasty from the end of Ming Dynasty. There was no cheat. The old author's new book was much better than the previous one. The pace was a little slow, but it was very rigorous. It was worth reading.
The Myth of Domination was a fantasy novel written by Qingruojunzi. The main character, Yu Su, traveled between Earth and the other world to collect faith and become the Heavenly Emperor. She was a mastermind, but the part about the other world didn't appeal to me.
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What are the effects of liver metabolism on drugs?The liver had the functions of digesting drugs, decomposing toxins, and synthesizing new substances. The effects of liver metabolism on drugs were mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. When the liver function was normal, the drug's metabolism ability in the body was stronger. After the drug was digested by the liver, it would be decomposed or secreted, and the drug effect would fade faster. When the liver function was damaged, the drug's metabolism speed in the body would decrease significantly, and the drug would accumulate in the body, resulting in increased drug effect and side effects.
2. There was a two-way relationship between liver malfunction and drug metabolism. On the one hand, drugs would affect the metabolism of the liver and may cause liver damage; on the other hand, adverse liver function would affect the metabolism speed of drugs, prolong the half-life of drugs, and lead to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body, further increasing the burden on liver function, forming a vicious cycle.
3. From the perspective of drug dosage, for example, for people who drink a small amount of alcohol to increase the activity of liver zymes, the metabolism of anesthetic drugs in the liver will be accelerated, and the dosage will increase. For patients who drink too much for a long time, the metabolism of drugs is slow, and the dosage of anesthetic drugs needs to be appropriately reduced.
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What are the dangers of the liver to drug metabolism?Your statement is wrong. It is the drug that is harmful to the liver metabolism, not the liver that is harmful to the drug metabolism.
The liver was the most important place for the metabolism of drugs in the body. After entering the human body, most drugs needed to be converted into harmless or less toxic substances by the liver before they could play a role in treatment. At the same time, the liver also had to degrade and disinfect the drug metabolism products in order to be discharged from the body. This process required the participation of many kinds of microorganisms in the liver cells. The harm of the drug to the liver was as follows:
1. Long-term or abuse of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and other drugs, in the process of metabolism to produce toxic metabolism products, can lead to liver cell damage and increase the reaction of oxygen stress, resulting in liver damage.
2. Overuse of liver-protecting drugs will increase the burden on the liver due to the metabolism of the drugs in the liver, and may even lead to drug-induced liver injury. Drug interactions may also occur, increasing side effects, affecting the efficacy and safety, and increasing the economic burden of the patient.
3. When the dosage was too large, the medication was used for too long, and the liver function was not complete, any drug would increase the burden on the liver, causing bile discharge, hepatic steatosis, hepatic cell necrosis, hepatic vasodilacy, etc. If the injury repeated, it could cause liver Cirrus, and a few even liver cell cancer.
4. Some drugs, such as acetainide drugs (including fenacetin, parkinson, etc.), can cause liver damage, coagulation disorder and other poisoning phenomena when used in large quantities or accidentally.
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The main biological membranes involved in the metabolism of drugs areMicrosome and non-microsome are the main biological membranes involved in drug metabolism.
Microsome zymes were mainly found in the liver, lung, kidney, small intestine, placenta, skin, and other parts. Among them, the liver microsome zymes had the highest activity, mainly to catalyze the metabolism of drugs and other xenogeneic substances, so they were also called drug metabolism zymes. It had low specific properties and could play a role in highly fat-dissolved compounds. It was involved in the reactions of different drugs such as the oxidization, reduction, cleavage, and binding reactions. It was the most important mixed-function oxidozymes, and the most important one was CytP450.
Non-microsome-like zymes existed in plasma, cystoid, and mitochondria. These zymes were highly specific and only worked on drugs with specific structures, such as the cholin in plasma and the monamine oxi in mitochondria. Although there were few drugs that were biotransformed by these zymes, they were equally important to the effect of drugs.
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What are the drugs that speed up brain metabolism?There were many drugs that could speed up the brain's metabolism. The following were some common drugs:
1. ** Piracetain **: A ring-shaped derivative of the cyclohexyl-amine acid. By promoting the production of ATP-in the brain, it increases the synthesis of the receptor and increases the transmission of nerve excitement, thereby promoting metabolism in the brain. Clinically, it is suitable for memory loss and mild to moderate brain function disorder caused by acute and chronic stroke, brain trauma, various toxic brain diseases, and other causes. It can also be used for children with mental development delay.
2. [Citicoline]: A derivative of a chopstick. It can promote brain metabolism and improve brain circulation by reducing cerebral blood vessel resistance and increasing cerebral blood flow. It can also enhance the function of the ascending activation system of the brainstem reticular structure and the function of the spinal system. It has a certain effect on promoting the recovery of brain function and awakening. Clinically, it was generally used to treat the sequelae of the nervous system caused by brain injury or cerebral venous accident.
3. Nicergoline: A semi-synthetic ergot derivative. It has the effects of alpha receptor blockade and vasodilator. It can strengthen the metabolism of brain cells, increase the utilization of oxygen and glucose, promote the conversion of neurotransmitter Dopamine, increase nerve transmission, strengthen the synthesis of brain protein, and improve brain function. It is suitable for improving the low desire and cerebral dementia caused by the sequelae of cerebral stroke. Especially in the early stage of treatment, it can improve cognition and memory, and reduce the severity of the disease.
4. ** Vinpocety **: By relieving the toxicity induced by excitatory ammo acid, it suppresses the voltage dependent Na channel, Ca2 channel, NMDAR and ampA receptor, enhancing the neuroprotective effect of adenine, increasing the intake and consumption of glucose and oxygen in the brain tissue, improving the brain's tolerance to oxygen deficiency, and also has the effect of anti-oxidization. It can also suppress the accumulation of blood plaque and promote the oxygen transport of tissues by reducing the oxygen affinity of red blood cells. It can increase the percentage of cardiac output supplied to the brain to improve brain metabolism, blood flow, and the properties of blood biochemistry. It is suitable for improving the sequelae of cerebral stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral edema, etc.
5. [Butylphalide]: By increasing the level of cerebral blood vessels, it can reduce the concentration of calcium ions in cells, suppress the release of Glutamate, reduce the production of arachidonic acid, eliminate oxygen free radical, and increase the activity of anti-inflammatory protein. It acts on multiple pathological links of cerebral ischaenia, has obvious treatment effects on ischaenia cerebral-vasular disease, and can promote the recovery of damaged nerve function in patients. It was generally suitable for the treatment of mild to moderate acute ischaemic stroke, and there were also reports of it being used for non-demented vasognosia.
6. [Brain protein digest]: A peptidergic neuronutritional drug unique to the brain. By regulating and improving the metabolism of the neurons, it promoted the formation of Synapses, induced the differentiation of the neurons, and further protected the nerve cells from various damage caused by blood loss and neurotoxins. Through the blood-brain barrier, it can promote the synthesis of protein in the brain, affect the respiratory chain, and have the ability to resist oxygen deficiency and improve energy metabolism in the brain. it can be use for improving symptom such as insomnia, headache, memory loss, dizziness, and irritability; and can be used for promoting that recovery of sequelae of brain trauma, sequelae of cardiovascular disease, sequelae of cerebritis, acute cerebral hemorrhage, and acute brain trauma.
7. ** idebenone **: can activate the respiratory activity of brain mitochondria, improve the brain energy metabolism of cerebral ischaenia, improve the utilization rate of cerebral glucose, increase the production of cerebral ATP. It can also suppress the production of peroxided lipid-like substances in brain mitochondria, and suppress the membrane disorder caused by the peroxide-like reaction of the lipid-like substances in brain mitochondria. It is suitable for the damage of brain function caused by chronic stroke and brain trauma. It can improve subjective symptoms, language, anxiety, depression, memory loss, intelligence decline and other mental and behavior obstacles.
8. ** Glyco-coated Acid Tablets **: In the body, it will combine with blood nitrogen to form carboric acid and be discharged from the body. It has the effect of reducing blood nitrogen and promoting brain metabolism. It may be a central mediator that can enhance the activity of glucose Yu. It is beneficial to the recovery of brain cell function.
9. ** Oxiracetan **: Similar to Piracetan, it can promote metabolism in the brain. It is often used for related diseases such as cerebral asphyxiation (such as stroke).
10. [Brain Glycoside Carnosin]: Can be used to improve brain metabolism in the case of brain damage due to lack of oxygen or blood.
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Another, I have to be a corrupt and ultra powerful mc. This trope is simply too familiar to me. evil this, this powerful that and also give me a stupid harem... It's just too....normal.