cu elementCopper was a chemical element with an atomic number of 29. It was an important transition metal element in the fourth cycle of the periodic table.
Under normal temperature and pressure, the appearance of pure copper is rose red, shiny, malleable, odorless, and purple-red when the surface is oxided. Its density is 8.89 g/cm 3 (20 ° C), melting point is 1083 ° C, and it has excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance, and good malleability. It can be used for various cold and hot processing. Copper in nature mainly exists in three valences: Cu, Cu2, and Cu3. Among them, the compound of Cu2 is generally white or colorless. Solid copper has high thermal stability, but it is extremely unstable in solution, easy to be oxided or reduced, and its complex has low dissolution. In nature, copper mainly exists in the form of Cu2, which is stable under the conditions of strong oxidization. The compound of Cu3 has strong oxidisation, but its stability is poor.
Copper had little activity and was relatively stable in dry air at room temperature. In humid air, it would react with carbon dioxide and water to form copper rust (verdigris). Under certain conditions, it can react with oxygen, acid, hydrogen, cyanides, and sulfur.
Copper was one of the oldest metals and an important material for the development of civilization. It was widely used in electronics, electricity, transportation, machinery manufacturing, national defense industry, food, agriculture, and other fields. From a historical point of view, as early as 6,000 B.C., copper was used in Anatoria, and around 2,000 B.C., metal smelting technology spread to all parts of the world.
In terms of biology, copper was a trace metal element in the body. It could be absorbed from seafood, organs, meat, grains, water, and other foods. It was absorbed by the small intestine, transported to the liver for metabolism, and then transported to various tissues and organs through the blood. Copper acts as a catalyst and structural cofactor for the corresponding zymes in the body, participating in processes such as oxidoreduction, energy generation, cell metabolism, signal transmission, etc. It also plays a role in cell death mechanisms such as cell death, cardiovascular stress, and copper death. It was also involved in iron metabolism, the formation of colloid, and was a component of many membranes (such as sod and copper-and-zinc-sod), helping to neutralize free radical molecules and maintain cell health. However, excessive copper could cause damage to the body. For example, in patients with diabetes, the imbalance of copper balance would lead to an increase in oxidoxin stress and damage to the anti-oxidoxin mechanism, stimulating the production of inflammatory neurotransmitter and inflammatory factors, thus affecting the occurrence and development of complications of diabetes. It was reflected in complications such as diabetes, myocardipathy, glomerulonepathy, anorexia, and inflammation. In addition, the copper element in preserved eggs should also be taken in an appropriate amount. Overconsumption may be risky for pregnant women, children and other special groups.
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