A synonym for precariousThe synonymous words of precarious situation were: not planning for the future, in danger, on the verge of death, and so on.
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A precarious allusionThis idiom comes from Jin Li Mi's "Chen Qing Biao." After Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty unified the country, he promoted the idea of "governing the world with filial piety" and wanted to use Li Mi as a doctor. However, Li Mi did not want to be an official, so he wrote a "Chen Qing Biao" saying that he and his grandmother depended on each other. His grandmother's life was precarious, so he had to serve his grandmother first before coming out to be an official. This idiom means that you can't know what will happen in the morning or what will happen at night. It is used to describe a critical situation that is difficult to predict. It can be used as a predicative or attribute in a sentence. Its synonymous words were in danger and in danger, while the opposite words were safe and sound. For example, Gu Mu had to take risks when he colluded with a " black painter " during critical times. In times of war and uncertainty, many precious things could be destroyed at any time or taken away by invaders.
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The precarious zodiac signThere were many ways to describe the sign of imminent danger. It could be a pig, because pigs could be slaughtered at any time. It could also be a rat, who ate people's food and lived an unstable life, which was more in line with the state of imminent danger. There was also a saying that it was a tiger, which could be understood from the perspective of "accompanying the king as if accompanying a tiger" and the situation was critical and unpredictable. In addition, the chicken was also considered to be a sign of imminent danger, because "morning" and "evening" were related to morning (chicken crow) and evening (Youshi) respectively. There were also people who believed that it was the zodiac chicken and tiger.
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The Ming Dynasty is in a precarious situation"There were several main reasons for the turmoil in the late Ming Dynasty:
** 1. The problem of the ruling class **
1. ** On the Emperor's side **
- Although the Wanli Emperor had made some achievements in the early years and carried out the "Three Great Conquests of Wanli" to eliminate the major hidden dangers of national unity and national security, he neglected Liaodong in his later years, which led to the rise of Nurhachi.
- The Tianqi Emperor had a certain level of skill and used Wei Zhongxian to collect taxes in Jiangnan to stabilize the situation in Liaodong. However, he died early after only six years in office.
- Emperor Chongzhen was only 17 years old when he ascended the throne. He was seriously inexperienced in politics. Although he was smart, he was difficult to take on great responsibilities. He failed to become a qualified politician after 17 years in office. Moreover, by the end of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang's descendants had grown to hundreds of thousands of people. They occupied a large amount of land, bullied the people, and ate up the local finances, which played a negative role in maintaining the rule of the Ming Dynasty.
2. ** In terms of parties **
- [Donglin Party: Gathering the three identities of the court minister, Jiangnan landlord representative, and Confucian scholar-bureaucrat and colluding with each other.] As the emperor's advisors, they ignored the emperor's orders. The Jiangnan landlords occupied most of the land in Jiangnan but did not pay taxes to the court. The Confucian scholar-bureaucrats held the "orthodoxy" and were not afraid of the emperor or death. The Donglin Party had been in charge of the government for a long time and was responsible for the fall of the Ming Dynasty.
- Eunuch Party: It was made up of ministers who opposed the Donglin Party. Wei Zhongxian was only loyal to the Emperor and could collect some taxes in Jiangnan. However, the Eunuch Party only held power for three years and could not do anything more.
3. ** Nanming Regime **: Although Nanming had half of the country and a million troops, it was filled with internal conflicts. It had many emperors but they did not obey each other. It was difficult to form an effective resistance force. It almost went to destruction after a few decent battles.
** 2. Restrictions of the Peasant Uprising Army **
- Li Zicheng, Zhang Xianzhong, and the other peasant uprising leaders lacked great talent and strategy, and there were very few Confucian scholars in their ranks. Although they overthrew the rule of the Ming Dynasty, they failed to establish a new order. After the Qing army entered the pass, due to the limitations of the peasants and strategic mistakes, they finally failed.
** 3. Financial and tax crisis **
1. ** Problem of tax structure and source **
- The regular taxes in the Ming Dynasty were mainly land tax and commercial tax. In the early Ming Dynasty, the land tax and commercial tax rates were relatively low. For example, the land tax was 30%. In the later Wanli period, although the total agricultural output was high, the basic land tax was low. The land tax rate was less than 2%, almost 50%. In the later period, the commercial tax was even more useless. The handicraft workshops evaded taxes seriously.
- In order to maintain the cost of war, the imperial court collected three salaries (Liao salary, suppression salary, and training salary) at the end of the Ming Dynasty. Although after adding the land tax, the normal tax paid by the people was about 18% of the income, the people were still overwhelmed.
2. ** Loss of tax revenue and corruption **
- At the end of the Ming Dynasty, there was a serious party struggle, the administration of officials was extremely chaotic, and corruption was a serious problem. It affected the normal use of taxes and the efficiency of collection, increasing the burden on the people.
3. ** Impact of Land Annexation **
- After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, the land was highly concentrated, and the annexation of land by the royal family and the officials was rampant. The emperor set up many imperial estates, and the kings, imperial relatives, and eunuchs of the imperial clan occupied large areas of land through "begging" and "offering". The bureaucrats and landlords also seized it by means of political status. This caused a large number of farmers to lose their land. The farmers had to bear heavy taxes and did not have enough land to make a living, which aggravated social conflicts.
** 4. The division and internal friction of social classes **
- In the Ming Dynasty, families with achievements could pay less or no taxes. The Jiangnan landlords represented by the Donglin Party opposed the court's collection of Jiangnan commercial taxes on the grounds of "competing with the people for benefits". It was difficult to collect commercial taxes, so agricultural taxes were passed on to farmers. In order to avoid taxes, the peasants sold their land to the landlord and became slaves. The Jiangnan landlord did not pay taxes or paid less taxes. The imperial court could only levy taxes on the northern peasants. The northern peasants could not bear the burden and finally rebelled. The entire society was seriously divided from top to bottom, with huge internal friction and no power to the outside world.
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Great novel I'm still in the beginning around the 50th chapter and the story is surprising me very much the only thing that is bothering me for now is that the author creates many misunderstandings between the characters that are gradually being unraveled but this has been happening in a way precarious to the level of quality of the novel I hope that more forward the author stops with this mania of misunderstandings happening.