the universal architects

An architect was a professional who had received education and training in architecture and related disciplines, and served society with architectural design knowledge and skills. Through cooperation with the project investor (Party A) and the construction party, they realized the construction of buildings in terms of technology, economy, function, and shape. Their work included: completing the overall design of the architectural style and appearance according to the design requirements; providing various building main design, house design, exterior wall design, landscape design, etc.; assisting in solving construction technical problems during the construction process; participating in the review of architectural planning and design schemes, as well as the revision of architectural drawings. In China, there is a national registered architect system, which is divided into first-class registered architects and second-class registered architects. The International Association of architects defined an architect as a person who, according to law or custom, was professionally and academically qualified and had obtained a registration/license/certificate in the jurisdiction where he was engaged in architectural practice. He was engaged in professional practice in the jurisdiction, using spatial forms and historical means to responsibly promote the fair and sustainable development, welfare, and cultural performance of human settlements. An architect usually worked in a specialized architectural firm or engaged in teaching and scientific research in related fields. In China, most of them used to work in state-owned enterprises and architectural design institutes, but now most of them worked in joint stock enterprises. In different countries, the definition and scope of an architect varied. For example, in the United Kingdom, only people who had passed a specific education could be called an "architect." In Italy,"architect" was a broader title. Sculptors, furniture designers, interior designers, etc. could all be called architects.

" Cultures on Buildings " was an anthology that focused on Liang Sicheng's academic thoughts in various fields related to architecture, including urban planning, ancient building protection, architectural theory and design. In addition, Lin Huiyin also had related works such as "Cultures of Buildings" and "Interpretation of Gardens and Houses: The Possibility of Traditional Culture and Modern Buildings-Cultures of architects" by Li Jinsong.

The new architects were the new forces in the field of architecture. For example, Adam Mahieddine and Caroline Haumesser's project, Duality - Vincent d'Indy Music Building Extension, was an extension of the University of Montréal's School of Music. The project was highly respectful of the environment and drew on the richness of the site by establishing a variety of conversations with the School of Music. And Victor B. Ortiz, Victor B. In 2021, Ortiz Architecture studio won the "Annual Emergence architect" award of the Global architects 'building award. Its design concept was innovative and had a unique Brazilian style. For example, the Umuarama residential project, in order to reduce the impact on the original terrain, the residential was divided into multiple blocks and arranged according to the terrain. The glass curtain wall was practical and blurred the boundaries of the internal and external space. The furniture and the external shape echoed to balance the coldness. In addition, the T.E.N design team, which was established in Shanghai and Hangzhou in 2022, was a forward-looking team with a multi-disciplinary background. Since its establishment, it had won many praises. In 2022, it won the famous BMT Global Rising Designer of the Year Award and was continuously selected for the China New Designer Rankings. These new architects showed unique value and potential in architectural design, consideration of the environment, and innovative ideas.

There were many modern architects, but there was no specific combination that was clearly known as the "four modern architects". However, in the history of architecture, there were some very famous modern architects, such as Mies van der Rohe in Germany, who advocated the architectural concept of "less is more"; Wright in the United States, whose masterpiece was the Flowing Water Villa; Le Corbusier in France, who proposed five characteristics of new architecture and wrote "Towards New Buildings"; Gropius in Germany was the founder of the Bauhaus architectural school. There were also many famous modern architects in China, such as Pei Ming, whose works mainly focused on public buildings, cultural and educational buildings, including the expansion project of the Louvre in Paris, the Bank of China Building in Hong Kong, and the new museum in Suzhou. Liang Sicheng completed the History of Chinese architecture and participated in the design of the Monument to the People's Heroes and the national emblem of the People's Republic of China.

The four modern architects were Frank Lloyd Wright, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, and Ludovic Mies van der Rohe.