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Martin Luther King Jr was one of America’s most influential civil rights activists. His passionate, but non-violent protests, helped to raise awareness of racial inequalities in America, leading to significant political change. Martin Luther King was also an eloquent orator who captured the imagination and hearts of people, both black and white. Early Life of Martin Luther King Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta on 15 January 1929. Both his father and grandfather were pastors in an African-American Baptist church. M. Luther King attended Morehouse College in Atlanta, (segregated schooling) and then went to study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania and Boston University. During his time at University Martin Luther King became aware of the vast inequality and injustice faced by black Americans; in particular, he was influenced by Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violent protest. The philosophy of Gandhi tied in with the teachings of his Baptist faith. At the age of 24, King married Coretta Scott, a beautiful and talented young woman. After getting married, King became a pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Montgomery Bus Boycott martin luther kingA turning point in the life of Martin Luther King was the Montgomery Bus Boycott which he helped to promote. His boycott also became a turning point in the civil rights struggle – attracting national press for the cause. It began in innocuous circumstances on 5 December 1955. Rosa Parks, a civil rights activist, refused to give up her seat – she was sitting in a white-only area. This broke the strict segregation of coloured and white people on the Montgomery buses. The bus company refused to back down and so Martin Luther King helped to organise a strike where coloured people refused to use any of the city buses. The boycott lasted for several months, the issue was then brought to the Supreme Court who declared the segregation was unconstitutional. Civil Rights Movement. After the success of the Montgomery bus boycott, King and other ministers founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). This proved to be a nucleus for the growing civil rights movement. Later there would be arguments about the best approach to take. In particular, the 1960s saw the rise of the Black power movement, epitomised by Malcolm X and other black nationalist groups. However, King always remained committed to the ideals of non-violent struggle. malcolm x Martin Luther King and Malcolm X briefly meet in 1964 before going to listen to a Senate debate about civil rights in Washington. (image Wikicommons) Speeches of Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King was an inspirational and influential speaker; he had the capacity to move and uplift his audiences. In particular, he could offer a vision of hope. He captured the injustice of the time but also felt that this injustice was like a passing cloud. King frequently made references to God, the Bible and his Christian Faith. “And this is what Jesus means when he said: “How is it that you can see the mote in your brother’s eye and not see the beam in your own eye?” Or to put it in Moffatt’s translation: “How is it that you see the splinter in your brother’s eye and fail to see the plank in your own eye?” And this is one of the tragedies of human nature. So we begin to love our enemies and love those persons that hate us whether in collective life or individual life by looking at ourselves.” – Martin Luther King His speeches were largely free of revenge, instead focusing on the need to move forward. He was named as Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963, it followed his famous and iconic “I Have a Dream Speech” – delivered in Washington during a civil rights march. “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood” – Martin Luther King The following year, Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work towards social justice. King announced he would turn over the prize money $54,123 to the civil rights movement. With the prestige of the Nobel Prize, King was increasingly consulted by politicians such as Lyndon Johnson. However, King’s opposition to the Vietnam War did not endear him to the Johnson administration; King also began receiving increased scrutiny from the authorities, such as the FBI. On April 4th, 1968, King was assassinated. It was one day after he had delivered his final speech “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” In his honour, America has instigated a national Martin Luther King Day. He remains symbolic of America’s fight for justice and racial equality. Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. “Martin Luther King Biography”, Oxford, UK. ***.biographyonline.net, 11th Feb 2008. Last updated 2 March 2018.

Martin Luther King Jr was one of America’s most influential civil rights activists. His passionate, but non-violent protests, helped to raise awareness of racial inequalities in America, leading to significant political change. Martin Luther King was also an eloquent orator who captured the imagination and hearts of people, both black and white. Early Life of Martin Luther King Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta on 15 January 1929. Both his father and grandfather were pastors in an African-American Baptist church. M. Luther King attended Morehouse College in Atlanta, (segregated schooling) and then went to study at Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania and Boston University. During his time at University Martin Luther King became aware of the vast inequality and injustice faced by black Americans; in particular, he was influenced by Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violent protest. The philosophy of Gandhi tied in with the teachings of his Baptist faith. At the age of 24, King married Coretta Scott, a beautiful and talented young woman. After getting married, King became a pastor at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. Montgomery Bus Boycott martin luther kingA turning point in the life of Martin Luther King was the Montgomery Bus Boycott which he helped to promote. His boycott also became a turning point in the civil rights struggle – attracting national press for the cause. It began in innocuous circumstances on 5 December 1955. Rosa Parks, a civil rights activist, refused to give up her seat – she was sitting in a white-only area. This broke the strict segregation of coloured and white people on the Montgomery buses. The bus company refused to back down and so Martin Luther King helped to organise a strike where coloured people refused to use any of the city buses. The boycott lasted for several months, the issue was then brought to the Supreme Court who declared the segregation was unconstitutional. Civil Rights Movement. After the success of the Montgomery bus boycott, King and other ministers founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). This proved to be a nucleus for the growing civil rights movement. Later there would be arguments about the best approach to take. In particular, the 1960s saw the rise of the Black power movement, epitomised by Malcolm X and other black nationalist groups. However, King always remained committed to the ideals of non-violent struggle. malcolm x Martin Luther King and Malcolm X briefly meet in 1964 before going to listen to a Senate debate about civil rights in Washington. (image Wikicommons) Speeches of Martin Luther King Jr Martin Luther King was an inspirational and influential speaker; he had the capacity to move and uplift his audiences. In particular, he could offer a vision of hope. He captured the injustice of the time but also felt that this injustice was like a passing cloud. King frequently made references to God, the Bible and his Christian Faith. “And this is what Jesus means when he said: “How is it that you can see the mote in your brother’s eye and not see the beam in your own eye?” Or to put it in Moffatt’s translation: “How is it that you see the splinter in your brother’s eye and fail to see the plank in your own eye?” And this is one of the tragedies of human nature. So we begin to love our enemies and love those persons that hate us whether in collective life or individual life by looking at ourselves.” – Martin Luther King His speeches were largely free of revenge, instead focusing on the need to move forward. He was named as Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963, it followed his famous and iconic “I Have a Dream Speech” – delivered in Washington during a civil rights march. “I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal.” I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood” – Martin Luther King The following year, Martin Luther King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work towards social justice. King announced he would turn over the prize money $54,123 to the civil rights movement. With the prestige of the Nobel Prize, King was increasingly consulted by politicians such as Lyndon Johnson. However, King’s opposition to the Vietnam War did not endear him to the Johnson administration; King also began receiving increased scrutiny from the authorities, such as the FBI. On April 4th, 1968, King was assassinated. It was one day after he had delivered his final speech “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop” In his honour, America has instigated a national Martin Luther King Day. He remains symbolic of America’s fight for justice and racial equality. Citation: Pettinger, Tejvan. “Martin Luther King Biography”, Oxford, UK. ***.biographyonline.net, 11th Feb 2008. Last updated 2 March 2018.

You asked for 👊 Biografia de Martin Luther King Martin Luther King (1929-1968) foi um ativista norte-americano, lutou contra a discriminação racial e tornou-se um dos mais importantes líderes dos movimentos pelos direitos civis dos negros nos Estados Unidos. Recebeu o Prêmio Nobel da Paz em 1964. Martin Luther King nasceu em Atlanta, Geórgia, Estados Unidos, no dia 15 de janeiro de 1929. Filho e neto de pastores da Igreja Batista resolveu seguir pelo mesmo caminho. Em 1951, formou-se em Teologia na Universidade de Boston. Convertido em pastor, em 1954, Martin Luther King assumiu a função de pastor em uma igreja na cidade de Montgomery, no Alabama. Luta pelos direitos dos negros Desde jovem, Martin Luther King tomou consciência da situação de segregação social e racial em que viviam os negros de seu país, em especial nos estados do Sul. Em 1955, começou sua luta pelo reconhecimento dos direitos civis dos negros norte-americanos, com métodos pacíficos, inspirado na figura de Mahatma Gandhi e na teoria da desobediência civil de Henry David Thoreau, as mesmas fontes que inspiraram a luta de Nelson Mandela contra a Apartheid, na África do Sul. Martin Luther King dedicou a sua vida ao combate à discriminação racial Martin Luther King dedicou a sua vida a luta contra a discriminação racial No dia 1 de dezembro de 1955, a costureira negra, Rosa Parks, foi detida e multada por ocupar um assento reservado para as pessoas brancas, pois nos ônibus de Montgomery o motorista tinha que ser branco e os negros só podiam ocupar os últimos lugares. O protesto silencioso de Rosa Parks propagou-se rapidamente. O Conselho Político Feminino organizou um boicote aos ônibus urbanos, como medida de protesto. Martin Luther King apoiou a ação e, pouco a pouco, milhares de negros passaram a caminhar quilômetros a caminho do trabalho, causando prejuízo às empresas de transporte. O protesto durou 382 dias, terminou em 13 de novembro de 1956, quando a Suprema Corte norte-americana aboliu a segregação racial nos ônibus de Montgomery. Foi o primeiro movimento vitorioso do gênero registrado no solo americano. No dia 21 de dezembro de 1956, Martin Luther King e Glen Smiley, sacerdote branco, entraram juntos e ocuparam lugares na primeira fila do ônibus. Martin Luther King e Glen Smiley sentados lado a lado no mesmo banco do ônibus Martin Luther King e Glen Smiley sentados lado a lado no mesmo banco do ônibus Os movimentos contra a segregação dos negros provocaram a ira das autoridades e de grupos racistas como o Ku Klux Klan, que atacavam com violências os participantes, o próprio Luther King e os grupos ativistas Panteras Negras e o muçulmano Malcolm X. Em 1957, Martin Luther King fundou a Conferência da Liderança Cristã do Sul, sendo o seu primeiro presidente. Passou a organizar campanhas pelos direitos civis dos negros. Em 1960, conseguiu liberar o acesso dos negros em parques públicos, bibliotecas e lanchonetes.

Darkness cannot drive out darkness: only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate: only love can do that. Martin Luther King Jr., A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings and Speeches