Poland

Germany deployed its most powerful troops on the German-Polish border, which made the situation in the whole of Europe suddenly tense. Great powers such as Britain, France and the United States were afraid that Germany would set off a bloody storm again, and they all discouraged Germany from destroying the peace.

But Poland, as the victim, was not afraid. They openly clamored that they could occupy the entire territory of Germany in three days, and let Germany let go.

Speaking of which, I have to talk about the grievances between Poland and Germany.

Poland used to be a powerful country. They used to dominate with winged cavalry in the Middle Ages. During that time, the arrogant Poland bullied its neighbors everywhere, whether it was Germany, which was not yet unified at the time, or Russia in "chaotic times". The empire has not been able to escape his devastation, especially the Russian Empire, and even its capital Moscow has been occupied by others.

However, Poland's arrogance did not last long. The originally weak Prussia became stronger under the leadership of Frederick the Great, and after the Russian Empire returned to its peak in the hands of Catherine II, Poland, which had made enemies everywhere, tasted the loss. The taste of revenge.

In the second half of the 18th century, under the influence of the Enlightenment Movement in Western Europe, the small and medium-sized Polish nobles and the emerging bourgeoisie launched a patriotic innovation movement. After the first partition, Poland lost about 35% of its territory and 33% of its population, and Poland became the protectorate of Russia, Prussia and Austria.

Under the influence of the French Revolution, the Polish people once again set off a reform movement. On May 3, 1791, the Polish four-year parliament passed the "May 3 Constitution" (Konstytucja 3 Maja), abolishing the right of free veto, which is also the earliest constitution in Europe. .

However, Catherine II said, "You dare to carry out a reform movement without asking my opinion?" So, the Russian Empire once again carried out armed intervention in Poland.

In 1793, Russia and Prussia divided Poland for the second time. Poland became a small country with a territory of only 200,000 square kilometers and a population of 4 million. It became a puppet state of Tsarist Russia. The Polish king was not allowed to declare war with foreign countries without the permission of the Tsar. Make peace.

In 1794, the Polish people revolted under the leadership of the national hero Kosciuszko, which was later suppressed by Russia.

In 1795, Russia, Prussia, and Austria divided Poland for the third time. This time, Russia, Prussia, and Austria were not polite and directly divided all the territories of Poland.

Among them, Russia annexed Lithuania, Courland, West Belarus, and western Warren, and pushed the border to the Neman River-Bug River line, covering a total of 120,000 square kilometers and a population of 1.2 million.

Austria occupied all of Lesser Poland, including Krakow and Lublin, and part of the Masovia area, with a total of 47,500 square kilometers and a population of 1.5 million.

Prussia won the rest of the western region, Warsaw, and the rest of the Masovia region, with a total of 55,000 square kilometers and a population of 1 million.

At this point, the Polish state that existed for more than 800 years has perished. In the process of dividing up Poland three times, the territory occupied by Tsarist Russia accounted for about 62% of the original Polish territory, a total of more than 460,000 square kilometers; Prussia occupied about 20%, a total of about 141,100 square kilometers; Austria occupied about 18 %, a total of about 121,800 square kilometers.

After these three partitions, Poland was subjugated and disappeared from the European map for 123 years.

This was the case until the end of the First World War, when Russia was suffering from internal and external troubles. The Polish nationalists immediately established an independent country when they saw the opportunity, and other countries also recognized Poland's independence for various reasons.

However, Poland, which has been destroyed for 123 years, not only failed to learn its lessons, but instead fantasized about restoring the Polish dynasty that spanned the Baltic Sea and the Black Sea before the 17th century.

As a result, the Polish army took advantage of Germany's defeat and seized a large amount of land that originally belonged to Germany, and carried out wild beasts on these lands where Germans lived (similar to what the devil did), and Germany, which had just been defeated at the time, was right I had no choice but to grit my teeth and swallow in my stomach.

After the destruction of the Poles, their self-confidence swelled, and they thought that even the mighty Germany had nothing to do with me, so what could the others do?

Therefore, they turned their attention to their old enemy, the Soviet Union, who was in distress, and wanted to re-enact the "feat" of capturing Moscow in the 17th century.

Britain and France agreed with the idea of ​​Poland. They were worried about how to deal with this huge "red" country. Poland jumped out foolishly. If they didn't use him as a gunner, it would be a shame for Poland's poor IQ.

Therefore, under the instigation of Britain and France, Poland repeatedly rejected the Soviet-Russian government's proposal to resolve the disputes through peaceful negotiations, and launched an attack on the Soviet Union.

On May 8 of the same year, the Polish army occupied Kiev, the capital of Ukraine.

The Soviet Red Army was powerful in combat. Although its equipment was outdated and the country was in distress, it still fought back and recaptured Kyiv in mid-June, and advanced across the border to Warsaw.

When Poland and the Allied Powers saw this script, it was wrong. How could the backward Soviet Union beat Poland, which had the support of the Allied Powers? ! But people are calling at the door of the house, and you have to believe it if you don't believe it.

In order to protect Poland's low-IQ gun, on July 12, British Foreign Secretary Curzon sent a note to the Soviet-Russian government, suggesting that Russia and Poland make peace.

The Soviets were so angry when they heard that, where did you go when Poland attacked us? So they decisively rejected the suggestion and continued to advance towards the Warsaw attack.

Seeing that things were not going well, the British hurriedly issued an ultimatum to the Soviet Union on August 20, saying that if the Soviet Union did not have peace talks, they would declare war on the Soviet Union.

Unexpectedly, however, this ultimatum not only did not stop the advance of the Soviet Red Army, but aroused public anger at home. All the British people agreed that the government should be ashamed of you and we should be ashamed.

Due to domestic pressure, the British government, which was originally partial to Poland, changed its attitude and began to persuade Poland to agree to the Soviet Union's request to stop the war and talk about it first.

But the accident happened again. Due to differences of opinion among the senior commanders of the Red Army on the judgment of the main attack direction, and also because of the Cossacks in the Red Army cavalry divisions, they destroyed Catholic churches everywhere, killed Catholic priests, looted and raped women along the way, forcing Poland The workers, peasants, soldiers and landlords and nobles united and united to the outside world, which caused the Red Army to suffer a major setback in the Battle of Warsaw and lost more than 300,000 people.

On October 12, 1920, the Soviet Union and Poland signed an armistice agreement in Riga and concluded a peace treaty.

The peace treaty stipulated that the two parties recognized the independence of Ukraine and Belarus, and demarcated the eastern border of Poland (the western part of Ukraine and Belarus was assigned to Poland). At this time, the Polish-Russian border was about 150 miles east of the Curzon Line.

According to the treaty, Poland acquired parts of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, as well as Lithuania, and Soviet Russia lost large swathes of territory in the war.

This result really makes people laugh and cry, but the Soviet Union obviously will not admit defeat, which is why Lyon and Stalin can reach an agreement on the Polish issue.