Literature criticism is a method of evaluating and analyzing literary works. In literary criticism, the critics would analyze and evaluate the language, structure, theme, style, etc. of the literary works to reveal the meaning and extension of the works.
Common literary criticism methods included:
1. structural criticism: analyze the plot, characters, clues and other structural elements of the work to reveal the internal logic and narrative rules of the work.
2. Language criticism: study the language, vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric and other aspects of the work to reveal the language art and language style of the work.
3. Thematic criticism: analyze the theme, emotions, thoughts, and other elements of the work to reveal the social and cultural background of the work and the author's ideology.
4. Style criticism: analyze the narrative style, description style, structure style and other style elements of the work to reveal the creative style of the work.
5. Accepting criticism: analyzing the process of acceptance of literary works to explore the readers 'acceptance and feelings of the works.
6. Comparative criticism: By comparing and analyzing the literary works of different works, different eras, and different schools, it reveals the differences and similarities between the works.
The choice of literary criticism method depends on the research interest of the critics, the object of criticism, and the purpose and content of the criticism. Through the comprehensive application of a variety of critical methods, we can more comprehensively and deeply reveal the meaning and extension of the works and improve the ability to understand and evaluate literary works.
The father of English literary criticism was William James. Born in 1848, he was one of the most important English literary critics of the 20th century. His theory of criticism was called "Humanistic criticism", which emphasized the value of human emotions, desires, and humanity.
William James 'critical theory mainly included the following aspects:
1. Theory of human nature: He believes that human nature is complicated and that everyone has their own unique personality and desires. He emphasized the importance of individual self-actualization and believed that literary criticism should pay attention to the psychological state and growth process of individuals.
2. Emotional criticism: He believes that literature should describe human emotions, especially the complexity and contradiction of emotions. He proposed the method of "emotional analysis" to reveal the nature and characteristics of emotions by analyzing the emotional descriptions in literary works.
3. Stream of Consciousness criticism: He believed that the description of the stream of consciousness in literary works could better reveal the contradictions and complexity of the human heart. He proposed the method of "stream of consciousness analysis" to explore the author's inner world and thoughts by analyzing the stream of consciousness description.
4. Social criticism: He believed that literature should reflect social reality, especially social problems and contradictions. He emphasized the role of literature in reflecting and criticizing social history.
William James's critical theory had a profound influence on the development of British literary criticism. His literary works and critical works were widely read and studied. He was regarded as one of the most important British literary critics in the 20th century.
I can't directly provide the e-book of " A Practicable Guide to Writing Literature Critiques ". This was because e-books needed to be associated with specific platforms and operating systems, and the copyright of e-books also needed to be authorized.
However, if you need to learn about literary criticism and writing, I can recommend some related resources and books, including:
1 The Art Critical Writing Manual by Jane Applegate. This is a very practical textbook for literary criticism writing. It covers the basic elements and techniques of literary criticism.
2 The Art of Literature Criticismand Appreciation by FWJ Wenhua Hesi. This is a comprehensive textbook of literary criticism and appreciation, covering the basic theories and methods of literary criticism as well as the basic techniques of literary appreciation.
3 The Art of Literature Review by Robert Coover. This is a textbook for literary criticism writing. It focuses on the writing methods and techniques of literary criticism and how to use these methods to explore and evaluate literary works.
The books above are all classic literature criticism writing materials that can help readers understand the writing methods and techniques of literature criticism in depth and improve the writing level of literature criticism.
Literature reading referred to the reading of literary works, including novels, poems, essays, and so on. It was aimed at obtaining emotional and intellectual experiences through reading these works. Practical-oriented reading referred to reading books related to practical topics, such as science, business, law, etc. The purpose of reading these books was to obtain practical knowledge and skills.
The realistic role of literature refers to the role of literary works in reflecting social reality and revealing social problems. Literature, as an art form, could deeply reflect social life and human destiny through shaping images, narrating plots, and expressing thoughts.
1. Reflect social reality: literary works can reveal various problems and contradictions in social reality, such as political corruption, economic backwardness, environmental pollution, racial discrimination, etc., to help readers better understand and understand social reality.
2. Shaping the characters: The characters in literary works are the reflection of social life. Through shaping the characters, it can show the personality, thoughts, emotions, etc. of different characters, which helps readers better understand and understand human nature.
3. Passing on information: literary works express the author's thoughts and ideas through various forms such as poetry, novels, essays, etc. Through the charm of words, they can pass on various thoughts and information such as moral values, philosophy of life, historical experience, etc. It helps readers to think and grow in reading.
4. Promotion of social progress: literary works can promote social progress and development through the revelation and expression of social reality, stimulate readers 'thinking and concern about social problems, and promote social change and development.
As an important cultural form, literature has a profound practical effect, which helps readers better understand and understand social reality and promote social progress and development.
Children's literature usually refers to novels and storybooks suitable for children to read. Its criticism mainly includes the following aspects:
1. The content is too simple and lacks depth and content. Many children's literature content was simple and easy to understand, and lacked depth of thought, unable to provide children with enough inspiration and thinking.
2. The theme is too singular. Many children's literature topics revolved around children's lives. They lacked variety and imagination to provide enough challenge and excitement.
3. The language was too childish. The language in many children's literature was very childish and did not conform to children's cognitive level and language ability. It was easy for children to find it difficult to understand and accept.
4. The values are too singular. The values of many children's literature revolved around positive values such as being positive, brave, and kind. The lack of negative content could easily lead children to form incorrect values.
5. The quality of the content was uneven. Many children's literature content was randomly written by the publishing house or the author. Without professional guidance and review, the quality was difficult to guarantee.
The criticism of children's literature mainly involved content, language, subject matter, values, and quality. It was necessary to pay attention to the guidance of children's reading and the quality of the content to provide children with a more colorful reading experience.
What did not belong to the nature of children's literature criticism was sociocultural criticism. Social and cultural criticism refers to the analysis and criticism of social phenomena, cultural traditions, social trends, etc. to explore the relationship and influence between them. Different from children's literature criticism, sociocultural criticism focuses on the whole social and cultural phenomenon rather than a specific group of children.
Both practical writing and literary works were written works, but the content and form were different.
The practical writing referred to letters, reports, documents, etc. written for practical life or work, focusing on practicality and format specifications. The purpose of practical writing was to solve problems, convey information, and complete tasks. It emphasized practicality and efficiency.
Literature focused on artistic and aesthetic aspects, aiming to express the author's thoughts, emotions, and values. It had a distinct personality and style, as well as rich imagination and creativity. The purpose of literary works was to show the author's imagination, creativity, and aesthetic ability, emphasizing artistry and aesthetics.
Therefore, practical writing and literary works had different purposes, audiences, artistic value, and so on.
Literature and practical writing were two different concepts.
A practical article referred to articles used in actual work or life, such as reports, notices, conclusions, plans, and so on. The purpose of practical writing was to complete tasks, solve problems, or promote career development. It usually needed to be practical and operational.
Literature works referred to novels, essays, poems, plays, and other works created in the form of literature that had high artistic and aesthetic value. The purpose of a literary work was to express the author's thoughts, feelings, and values. It usually required profound thoughts, rich emotional experiences, and unique artistic expressions.
The practical writing and literary works had different functions and purposes. The practical writing usually needed to be practical and easy to operate, while the literary works needed to have profound thoughts, unique artistic expressions, and rich emotional experiences.
Literature reading and practical reading were two different types of reading that were usually used to assess students 'reading level and interest.
Reading literary texts refers to reading literary works such as novels, poems, plays, etc., in order to understand the plot, characters, and theme and obtain emotional and intellectual experiences from them. This type of reading usually required students to have a high level of literary attainment and comprehension ability in order to be able to deeply understand the meaning and emotions in the works.
Reading practical texts referred to reading practical texts such as science and technology books, news reports, legal documents, etc., in order to understand their content and usage and obtain practical information from them. This type of reading usually requires students to have strong reading ability and practical knowledge in order to better understand and apply what they have learned.
The difference between the two types of reading was the purpose of the reading and the difficulty and depth of the reading material. Reading literary texts pays more attention to the understanding and appreciation of literary works, while reading practical texts pays more attention to the acquisition and application of practical information.