Final Exam on Data StructureIf it was a final exam on data structures, it might cover the following topics:
- ** Basic Concepts **: For example, the definition and characteristics of various data structures (linear structure, non-linear structure, etc.). For example, the sequence table in the linear structure, its storage structure, and operation methods.
- ** Analysis of the algorithm **: Including the calculation of time complexity and space complexity. For example, when analyzing an algorithm with a loop structure, the time complexity is determined according to the number of loop execution, such as the common O(n), O(n2), O(log Ü n), and so on.
- ** Data structure operation **: Take the sequence table as an example. You need to master the implementation methods of insert, delete, search, and other operations, as well as the handling of possible boundary situations.
- ** Relational model related **: If it involves the application of data structures in the database, the knowledge of the relationship model may be examined, such as the conversion from the E-R model to the relationship model, the relationship algebra operation, etc.
- ** Program Realization **: You may be required to write code to implement a specific data structure or operate on the data structure.
The specific content of the exam also needed to be determined according to the school's teaching outline, teaching content, and the teacher's emphasis.
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Data Search Function FormulaThe following are some common data search function formulas:
** 1. VLOOkUP Function **
1. ** Function *
- Finds the specified value in the first column of a table or array of values, and returns the value in the current column of the table or array.
2. ** grammar structure **
- =VLOOkUP(Search value, data table (search area), column number,(matching condition))
- For example, if the search area is B2:E10, the search name is in cell G3, and the assessment score is in column 2, the formula is =VLOOkUP(G3,B2:E10,2,False).
- Note:
- It could only be searched from left to right, but not in reverse.
- The search value must be in the first column of the data table (search area), otherwise an error will be reported.
- Special Usage:
- When searching for multiple results, you can use VLOOkUP or array usage multiple times. For example, to find the employee's department, birthplace, and salary data, if the name was in the G2 cell, the search area would be A:E, the department would be in the fourth column, the birthplace would be in the fifth column, and the salary would be in the third column. The formula could be used multiple times: Department: = VLOOkUP (G2,A:E,4,0); birthplace: = VLOOkUP (G2,A:E,5,0); salary: =VLOOkUP(G2,A:E,3,0) Using the array usage formula: =VLOOkUP(G2,A:E,{4,5,3},0)(The new version has the array overflow function to directly obtain the result. Without this function, you need to first select the corresponding cell, press the three keys of the array, and press the command button.)
- Search for the last record: When the data is a number, the formula is =VLOOkUP(9^9,A:A,1)(the first argument is 9 to the power of 9, you can also write other numbers larger than the number in column A, the fourth argument default fuzzy search); when the data is text, the formula is =VLOOkUP("seat",A:A,1); when the data is mixed, if the requirement is to return whatever the last data is, you need to use the LOOkUP function.
- It is used for sum operations, such as the formula =SUM(VLOOkUP(B11,$A$2:$G$8,{2,3,4,5,6,7},0)). By modifying the third argument, query the column of each month, find the corresponding month data, and then sum.
** 2. LOOK UP Function **
1. ** grammar **
- = look up (find the value in that column and return the result column). For example, to find the number of bananas, if the search value is in the D2 cell, the search area is A2:A5, and the result is B2:B5, the formula is =LOOkUP(D2,A2:A5,B2:B5).
- When the data is mixed and the last data is to be found, the formula is =LOOkUP(1,0/(A:A<>""),A:A).
** 3. SUMIF Function **
1. ** grammar **
- =sumif(condition column, sum condition, sum column). For example, if you want to ask for the number of oranges, if the condition column is A2:A5, the sum condition is in cell D2, and the sum column is B2:B5, then the formula is =SUMIF(A2:A5,D2,B2:B5).
** 4. DGET Function **
1. ** grammar **
- =dget(data area, column number of the result to be found, search criteria). Note that when selecting data, you must also select the header. For example, if you want to find the data of lemons, if the data area is A1:B5, the result is in the second column, and the search condition is D1:D2, then the formula is =DGET(A1:B5,2,D1:D2).
** 5. DSUM Function **
1. ** grammar **
- =dsum(data area, the name of the field that needs to find the result, and the search criteria). This function is a database function. All the data in the parameters need to include the header. For example, if you want to find all the data of apples, if the data range is A1:B5, the field name is in the E1 cell, and the search criteria is D1:D2, the formula is =DSUM(A1:B5,E1,D1:D2).
** 6. Summer Function **
1. ** grammar **
- = sumproduct(first data area, second data area, third data area) and so on. For example, to find the number of apples, if the data area A2:A5 was judged to be equal to D2 (apple type), then multiplied by B2:B5 and then summed, the formula would be = SUMPRODOCT ((A2:A5 = D2)*B2:B5).
** 7. Index+Match Function Formula Combination **
1. [Description]
- It could be said to be an omnipotent screening and search combination.
2. ** grammar structure **
- =Index(Array result column,Match(search value, search area, 0)). For example, according to the employee's "name" to search for the corresponding "assessment results", if the search area is B2:B10, the search value is in the G3 cell, and the result column is C2:C10, first obtain the row number where the query value is through Match(G3,B2:B10,0), and then use the Index function to find the value of the corresponding row in the result column. The formula is =Index(C2:C10,Match(G3,B2:B10,0)).
** 8. XLOOkUP Function **
1. ** Function *
- Searching for a match in a range or array and returning the corresponding item through a second range or array. By default, an exact match is used.
2. ** grammar structure **
- =XLOOkUP(Find Value, Find Array, Return Array, No Value Found, Match Mode, Search Mode). Generally, you only need to set the first three functions. For example, if you want to check Zhao Fei's basic salary, if the search value is in cell G3, the search area is A2:A8, and the return area is D2:D8, then the formula is =XLOOkUP(G3,A2:A8,D2:D8).
** 9. TOCOL function (used to find data samples)**
- When searching for data based on multiple conditions, such as searching for salaries based on departments and names, it could be used to compare multiple columns with the given conditions. If they were equal, the value of the corresponding column would be returned. The second argument could ignore the error value to obtain the correct result. It could also be used to list the list of personnel in each department.
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What is the importance of the novel system data structure?In the novel system, data structures were important in many ways:
** 1. Impact on database query speed **
1. ** Searching for time complexity **
- The data structure and the search algorithm both affected the search time complexity. Different data structures are suitable for different search algorithms. For example, some data structures may support fast binary-search, while others may require linear search. If the data structure was not chosen properly, it might cause the search operation to be inefficient in a large amount of data, causing the novel system's source code query speed to slow down.
2. ** Total Data **
- The data structure would affect the way the data was stored, which in turn would affect the total amount of data. A reasonable data structure could help reduce data redundances and improve data storage efficiency. In the novel system, as the amount of data increased, if the data structure was unreasonable, such as the data storage was too scattered or there was a large amount of duplicate data, it would cause the query speed to drop sharply as the amount of data increased.
** II. Function in database performance optimization **
1. ** Storage structure optimization **
- The data structure was a key factor in the optimization of the storage structure. From the perspective of database performance optimization, the optimization of the storage structure could improve the performance of the database. Different data structures had different space and time efficiency when storing novel system related data (such as user information, novel chapter content, reading records, etc.). For example, choosing a suitable data structure could store the content of the novel chapters more efficiently, making it easier to read and update them quickly.
- When performing database performance optimization, one must start from the lowest level of implementation, and the data structure was an important part of the implementation. If the data structure design was unreasonable, it would affect the performance optimization process of the entire database, resulting in higher costs in the subsequent storage system and hardware to make up for the lack of performance.
** 3. Meaning of System Function Realization **
1. ** Data Organization and Management **
- The data structure helped to organize and manage the various data in the novel system effectively. For example, if a suitable data structure (such as a tree structure for classification management) was used for the classification and tags of novels, as well as the user's favorites and feeds, it would be easy to add, delete, query, and modify the data.
2. ** System functions run efficiently **
- The various functions of the novel system (such as search function, recommendation function, etc.) depended on the reasonable design of the data structure. For example, the search function may need to quickly find information such as novel titles and authors. A suitable data structure can improve the accuracy and speed of the search. The recommendation function may need to analyze the user's reading history, preferences, and other data. A good data structure can help to efficiently mine and analyze the data, so as to provide more accurate recommendations for the user.
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