Maybe the villagers were being ungrateful for his past sacrifices. Minato was the one who saved the village from the Nine - Tails' attack. If they started to forget his deeds or were misusing the peace he had brought, he would be angry. He might have thought that his efforts were in vain if the villagers didn't uphold the values he fought for.
Another way would be through his actions. For example, if the villagers were being unjust to Naruto, he might start by protecting Naruto more visibly. He could also limit his assistance to the village in other areas until they corrected their behavior. This would be a clear sign of his anger and dissatisfaction with the villagers.
One possible reason could be fear. Naruto has the Nine - Tails inside him, and the villagers might be so afraid of the power of the Nine - Tails getting out of control that they decide to take extreme measures. They might see Naruto not as a person but as a potential threat that needs to be eliminated.
One possible reason could be the way the villagers treated him as a child. They ostracized him because he was the host of the Nine - Tails. He was often alone and looked at with fear and disdain, which could have gradually built up his hatred.
One popular theme is Minato getting to know Naruto in the afterlife. Since Minato died when Naruto was a baby, fanfictions often explore their relationship in a spiritual realm.
In fanfiction, Naruto and Minato often represent a connection between generations. Minato was a great ninja in his time, and Naruto is following in his footsteps. Fanfictions can explore how Naruto lives up to his father's reputation.
I'm not sure if there is such a specific fanfiction. Fanfiction can cover a wide variety of themes and scenarios, some of which might be rather strange or controversial. However, Naruto fanfiction often explores different relationships and alternate storylines, but this particular one seems a bit unorthodox and I haven't personally come across it.
One of the main similarities is their self - sacrifice. Minato sacrificed himself to save the village and his son. Naruto has also shown that he is willing to put himself in harm's way for the greater good. He's always the first to jump into a dangerous situation if it means protecting those he loves. Another aspect is their leadership qualities. Minato was a great leader as Hokage, and Naruto has developed into a great leader as well, inspiring those around him.
You can try websites like Fanfiction.net or Archive of Our Own (AO3). They have a vast collection of Naruto fanfictions. Just search for 'Minato' and 'Naruto' in the search bar, and you'll get a list of relevant stories.
Minato would likely be extremely shocked. Naruto is his son, and the idea of Naruto attacking him would be completely unexpected. He would probably try to talk to Naruto first, to find out what is wrong and why he is being attacked.