One main factor could be the influence of a powerful dark side figure. Such a figure might manipulate Luke's emotions, like his fear or anger. Maybe they prey on his insecurities about his abilities or his place in the galaxy.
Well, obviously Luke himself is a key character. He is the one who is falling to the dark side, so his actions, thoughts, and decisions are central to the story.
The Emperor or some other powerful Sith lords would likely be involved. They would see Luke as a great prize to turn to the dark side and would use all their cunning and power to manipulate him. Yoda's spirit could also be present, trying to guide Luke from beyond the grave but perhaps being unable to prevent his fall. Han Solo might also play a role, either trying to rescue Luke or being a victim of Luke's new dark side - influenced actions.
In some fanfictions, Luke might fall to the dark side after being betrayed by his closest friends. For example, if he discovers that they have been hiding important information from him that he thinks could have saved lives. This sense of betrayal could push him towards the dark side as he feels abandoned by the light. Also, a powerful dark side user could use mind control techniques on Luke, slowly turning him over time.
Luke's friends from the light side could also be important. Characters like Leia, Han Solo, or Chewbacca. Their reactions to Luke's turn and their attempts to bring him back would be significant aspects of the story. There could also be new characters created specifically for this novel, perhaps some Jedi who were thought to be dead but are actually in hiding and oppose Luke's new path.
One of the main themes could be the struggle between good and evil. Luke Skywalker is typically a symbol of the light side, so exploring his journey towards the dark side would likely involve his internal battle with his own moral compass. Another theme might be the allure of power that the dark side offers and how it can corrupt even the most noble of characters like Luke.
One of the main themes is the struggle between good and evil within Luke himself. In these fanfictions, we see how his inner conflict plays out. Also, the theme of redemption might be present in some, where there is a possibility for Luke to come back from the dark side. And the exploration of the dark side's allure, like the promise of quick solutions to problems compared to the more difficult path of the Jedi.
One interesting 'dark side Luke' fanfiction could be about him leading a Sith cult. In this story, Luke uses his knowledge of the Force in a twisted way, recruiting followers and causing chaos across the galaxy.
One interesting 'Luke Skywalker dark side' fanfiction could be where Luke turns to the dark side after being constantly betrayed by the New Republic. In this story, he might use his newfound dark side powers to take revenge on those who he feels have wronged him. He could form an alliance with remnants of the Empire and become a powerful and feared Sith - like figure in the galaxy.
If Luke joins the Dark Side, it would completely change the dynamic of the Star Wars universe. His friends would be shocked and heartbroken. Leia, for instance, would probably try to bring him back. The Rebellion would lose a great hope and the Empire might gain an unexpected and powerful ally. It could also lead to a different kind of struggle within the galaxy as those who once believed in Luke now have to face him as an enemy.