The earth and the sun would rotate. The Earth had rotation and revolution. The Earth's rotation was a rotation around its axis of rotation. The direction was from west to east. It was counterclockwise when viewed from the North Pole and clockwise when viewed from the South Pole. The period was a sidereal day, about 23:56:4. Its angular velocity was about 15°/h (equal except for the poles), and its linear velocity decreased from the equator to the poles. The earth revolved around the sun according to a certain orbit. The orbit was an oval orbit that was close to a perfect circle. The direction was from west to east. The revolution period was 365 days, 5 hours, 48 minutes and 46 seconds. During the revolution, the earth's axis was tilted and the direction remained unchanged. Due to the different solar heat obtained at different latitudes during the revolution of the earth, the four seasons changed. The sun also rotated and revolved. The sun's rotation could be confirmed by the movement of sunspots and other active objects on the sun's surface or the Doppler-effect of the spectral lines on the east and west edges of the sun. Its rotation direction was the same as that of the Earth, but because the sun was a balloon, the rotation period of different parts was different. For example, the rotation period at the equator was about 27 days, 6 hours and 36 minutes. The higher the latitude, the slower the rotation. The sun's revolution was a movement around the center of mass of the Milky Way, the galactic center. It was located in the Orion spiral arm of the Milky Way, 25000 to 28000 light years away from the center of the galaxy. The revolution speed was about 220 kilometers per second. The orbit was an oval with a very small eccentricity. The solar system needed about 250 million years to orbit around the Milky Way.
There were two ways of rotation between the earth and the sun: rotation and revolution. Earth's rotation referred to the rotation of the Earth around its central axis. One rotation took about 24 hours, which led to the sunrise, sunset, and the alternating of day and night. The Earth's revolution referred to the Earth's rotation around the sun. One revolution took about 365 days, which led to the change of the four seasons. The sun was also rotating in the same direction as the earth, from west to east. Therefore, the rotation of the earth and the sun influenced each other. The earth rotated while revolving around the sun.
The novel Earth and the Sun tells the story of mankind facing the crisis of the sun's imminent destruction in the future. Through scientific and technological progress and teamwork, they successfully resisted the disaster of the sun's imminent destruction and rebuilt human civilization.
Under normal circumstances, the sun would not burn the earth. The sun continuously released energy through nuclear fusion reactions. The Earth was in the habitable zone of the solar system, which allowed the Earth to receive an appropriate amount of solar radiation. Although the energy released by the sun was huge, the Earth had many protective mechanisms such as the atmosphere. The Earth's atmosphere could reflect, scatter, and absorb part of the solar radiation, preventing the Earth's surface from suffering excessive energy shocks. At the same time, the Earth's own ecosystem and oceans were also adjusting the Earth's temperature. However, if the sun underwent an abnormal change, for example, at the end of its life, the sun would gradually evolve into a red giant. At that time, its radius might expand to a very large extent, possibly engulfing the earth. In the process, the earth would be destroyed, but this was something in the extremely distant future.
The earth would not become the sun. Earth and the sun were fundamentally different. In terms of size, the diameter of the sun was 1.392 million kilometers, while the diameter of the earth was only 12756 kilometers. The diameter of the sun was 109 times that of the earth. In terms of material composition, the sun was mainly composed of light elements such as hydrogen and helium. The nuclear fusion reaction of hydrogen fusion into helium released a huge amount of energy to emit light and heat. The Earth was a solid planet composed of many elements, and there was no nuclear fusion reaction inside like the sun. Earth did not have enough material and energy sources to evolve into a star like the sun, so Earth would not become a sun.
No, the Earth was moving away from the sun. Through long-term observations and theoretical models, scientists found that the distance between the sun and the Earth continued to increase, regardless of the periodic changes caused by the oval shape of the Earth's orbit. Some studies showed that the Earth would deviate by about 6 centimeters every year. NASA researchers also found that the Earth was 1.5 centimeters away from the Sun every year. The Earth was now 50,000 kilometers away from the Sun compared to 4.6 billion years ago.
The famous saying that the earth would still spin without anyone was "the earth would still spin without anyone." This famous saying meant that the operation of the earth did not depend on any individual. No matter who left, it would not affect the operation of the earth. It conveyed a modest and introspective attitude, reminding people not to be too self-centered, to learn to let go of themselves.
Under normal circumstances, the Earth would not fall towards the Sun. Under the influence of the sun's gravity, the Earth moved along an oval orbit around the sun. The centrifugal force generated by the Earth's orbit perfectly offset the gravity of the sun on the Earth, thus maintaining this stable orbital motion. Even if the Earth was close to the Sun during its revolution, the Earth would accelerate and quickly escape to a place slightly further away from the Sun, and when the Earth slowed down, the Sun would pull it back to its original orbit and repeat the cycle. However, if there were special circumstances that broke this balance, the Earth might fall towards the Sun. For example, if the Earth was slightly closer to the Sun under some kind of effect, the gravitational force on the Earth would be stronger, and it would continue to be pulled closer by the Sun. The gravitational force would continue to strengthen, and eventually it might fall to the surface of the Sun. If the Earth stopped revolving in its orbit, it would also begin to accelerate toward the Sun.
The earth goes around the sun;The earth revolutions around the sun.
When the sun died, the earth would most likely face destruction. The sun has been burning for about 4.5 billion years, but its life is only half. When almost all the hydrogen in the sun's core fused into helium, the sun would not be able to generate enough energy and would begin to collapse under its own weight. After that, the hydrogen left on the surface of the core would fuse, producing some energy to keep the sun shining, but the helium core would begin to collapse and release energy, causing the sun to expand into a red giant. During this process, the sun would become very large, its outermost surface would reach about 108 million miles (about 170 million kilometers), engulfing Mercury and Venus, and possibly engulfing Earth. Even if the Earth was not directly swallowed, as the sun's luminosity increased by about 10% every billion years, the habitable zone on the planet's surface where liquid water could exist would move outward, the Earth would be baked, the ocean would evaporate and decompose into hydrogen and oxygen, the hydrogen would escape into space, the oxygen would react with the surface rocks, and the nitrogen and carbon dioxide could become the main components of the atmosphere. Eventually, after the hydrogen in the sun's outer core was exhausted, the sun would collapse again, triggering another fusion cycle, fusing helium into carbon and some oxygen in about two billion years. However, these reactions had less energy. When the last part of helium became heavier, there was no radiation to maintain the sun's expansion. The core would shrink into a white dwarf, and the expanding outer layer would be left behind to form a planetary nebula. In this series of processes, the Earth's environment would become extremely harsh, and it would be difficult for life to continue to exist.
This phenomenon was in line with Copernicus's theory of the sun's center. Copernicus believed that the sun was at the center of the universe, and the earth was an ordinary planet that revolved around the sun. On one hand, it rotated around the earth's axis, and on the other hand, it revolved around the sun in its own orbit, while the moon revolved around the earth. This theory overthrew the previous geocentric theory and was a major revolution in astronomy, causing a major change in the human view of the universe.