Characters play a big role. Their actions, decisions, and growth can point to the theme. For example, if a character starts off selfish but becomes selfless, it might suggest a theme of personal transformation. Another element is the plot. The sequence of events and how they unfold can indicate the theme. A story with a plot that shows the destruction caused by envy could have envy as its theme.
There are several elements contributing to theme definition. The conflict is a major one. Whether it's a person - against - person, person - against - society, or person - against - self conflict, how it's resolved can define the theme. If it's resolved through compromise, the theme could be about the importance of compromise. The setting also matters. A story set in a dystopian society might have themes related to oppression and the fight for freedom. And the mood of the story, whether it's gloomy or hopeful, can also be part of the theme, like a gloomy mood might suggest a theme of despair or loss.
The dialogue in a story is important for theme definition. Characters' conversations can reveal their beliefs and values, which are related to the theme. Also, the symbols used in the story contribute. For example, a white dove often symbolizes peace, so if it appears in a story about war, it might be related to a theme of hope for peace. The point of view of the narrator can also influence the theme. A first - person narrator who is bitter might color the theme with their negative outlook.