A half - brother or sister that Percy didn't know about could betray him. Maybe they're jealous of Percy's fame and status among the demigods. They could spread false rumors about Percy, which would lead to his betrayal by the camp, and then Percy, feeling let down, would disappear to find a place where he can be away from all the drama.
The gods are always a possibility. Zeus, for example, has been distrustful of Percy in the past. If Zeus feels that Percy is getting too powerful or is a threat to his rule, he could engineer a situation where Percy is betrayed. He might use other demigods or even mortals to turn against Percy.
There's a chance that it could be a character from Percy's family. For example, a distant relative who has been corrupted by some dark magic. They might betray Percy for their own gain or because they are being controlled, and this betrayal could lead to Percy being killed.
One possible plot could be that Percy is betrayed by one of his closest friends in Camp Half - Blood. Maybe Annabeth turns on him out of jealousy over his growing powers or a misunderstanding. Percy, feeling deeply hurt, decides to disappear into the mortal world. He cuts off all ties with the demigod community and tries to live a normal life, but his past keeps haunting him as monsters still sense his presence.
The gods, especially Zeus. He has always been a bit suspicious of Percy. In fanfiction, he could easily be written as spreading lies about Percy to the other gods and demigods, leading to everyone turning against him. Also, some new characters introduced in fanfiction might be the ones who start the chain of events that lead to Percy's all - around betrayal.
The camp leaders might betray them. If there is a power struggle within the camp, and Percy and Nico are seen as threats to the current leadership's power, the leaders could set them up. They could make it look like Percy and Nico are breaking camp rules or endangering the other campers, which would lead to the rest of the camp turning against them.
Maybe a character from their past who has a hidden grudge. Say, someone they defeated in a previous battle who has now found a way to get revenge. This person could pretend to be their ally again and then stab them in the back when they least expect it.
It could be a jealous camper. Maybe someone like Clarisse, who has always had a bit of a rivalry with Percy. She might see an opportunity to get rid of him and make herself look better in the eyes of the camp. So, she could plant false evidence or spread lies that lead to Percy's betrayal.
One character that could betray Percy is Thalia. She has her own issues with the gods and her place in the world. Maybe she gets jealous of Percy's growing popularity and power among the demigods. So, she decides to side with an enemy to take Percy down a notch. Additionally, some minor characters that Percy has helped in the past could be the ones to betray him. They might feel indebted to him but also resentful at the same time. An enemy could manipulate their feelings and turn them into traitors against Percy.
Ares could be a likely character. He's always been somewhat of a wild card in the Percy Jackson series. He might betray Percy for his own amusement or to gain more influence in Olympus. Another could be Zeus. He's often paranoid about his power and might see Percy as a threat and betray him to protect his throne.
In the 'Percy Jackson Disappears' fanfiction, perhaps Percy could be kidnapped by an unknown enemy. Maybe it's a new villain who has a vendetta against the demigods. This would lead to his friends, like Annabeth, going on a desperate search for him, facing many dangerous challenges along the way.
Luke could be a likely candidate in some fanfictions. He already had his own issues and motives in the original story, and it wouldn't be a stretch for a fanfiction writer to take that further and have him betray Percy in a more elaborate way.