One common theme is the connection between the spiritual world and the natural world. For example, many spirits are associated with specific natural elements like water (Mami Wata) or the forest (Asanbosam).
The theme of nature is also prevalent. West African scary stories often connect the unknown in nature, like deep forests or large bodies of water, with danger. The forest can be a place full of hidden spirits and the water can be home to powerful and unpredictable entities. This reflects how people in West Africa view and respect the power of nature.
Themes of community and social order are also found in West African origin stories. It is believed that the first humans were given rules to live by, which formed the basis of the social structures in the tribes. Additionally, there is often a theme of transformation. Stories might tell of how the first people changed in form or ability over time. For instance, some stories say that humans initially had different physical features or powers that gradually evolved.
One common theme is the connection between the living and the ancestors. In many traditional African ghost stories, the ghosts are often the spirits of the ancestors who come back to offer guidance, warnings, or to ensure that certain traditions are being followed. Another theme is the idea of karma or justice. If someone has done wrong in life, the ghost may come to punish or haunt them until they make amends.
Another theme is the idea of unfinished business. The ghosts in these stories, such as the Lady in White, seem to be lingering because they have something unresolved in their past lives. Maybe it's a lost love, or a great injustice that they suffered. This gives them a reason to stay in the earthly realm and appear to the living.
Symbolism is also a common element. For example, a sudden gust of wind in a story might symbolize the arrival of a ghost. And the appearance of certain animals at unusual times can be seen as a sign related to the ghostly presence. In some stories, a howling hyena at night might be a sign that a malevolent spirit is nearby, warning the villagers to be on guard.
One common element is the connection to nature. For example, many African ghost stories involve spirits that reside in forests, rivers or mountains. Another element is the role of witchcraft. In a lot of these stories, witches are able to summon or control the ghosts. And family and community also play a role. Often, the actions of a ghost can affect not just an individual but an entire family or community.
One common theme is the importance of wisdom. As seen in the Anansi stories, wisdom is highly valued. Characters often strive to gain or protect wisdom. Another theme is cleverness over strength. In stories like the Hare and the Elephant race, the smaller and weaker Hare uses his wits to win against the much stronger Elephant. Also, there is often a moral lesson, like in the Tortoise and the Birds story, where the Tortoise's greed and disobedience lead to his downfall.
One common theme is the power of nature. Many stories involve dangerous animals, like lions or snakes that take on a more sinister role. For example, a snake might be a cursed spirit that haunts a village.
One common theme is the clash between traditional African culture and modernity. For example, in many stories, characters have to choose between following old tribal ways or adapting to new Western - influenced lifestyles. Another theme is the struggle for identity. Africans often have to define themselves in the context of colonial and post - colonial experiences.
One common theme is the importance of community. In many African folk stories, the characters work together to overcome challenges, like in the story of Anansi the Spider. Another theme is the connection with nature. Animals often represent different human qualities. For example, the wise elephant might symbolize wisdom and leadership. Also, moral lessons are a big part of it, teaching things like honesty and kindness.