The tombs of Han Gaozu and Empress Lu
Liu Bang and Empress Lu were buried together in Changling, located in the north of Sanyi Village, Yaodian Town, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province. There were two mausoleums in Changling. Liu Bang's mausoleum was in the west, and Empress Lu's mausoleum was in the east. The mausoleum was huge. The mausoleum was square, with a side length of 780 meters and a circumference of 3120 meters. Cultural relics belonging to the Western Han Dynasty had been unearthed near the mausoleum, such as written tiles and painted infantry figurines. Changling was the first imperial tomb built in the Han Dynasty. It was also the tomb of Liu Bang and Empress Lu. Changling was excavated and listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit. There was also a precious national treasure cultural relic in the mausoleum, which was the imperial jade seal used by Empress Lu. The exact location of Changling and the burial items in the mausoleum could no longer be verified.
Han Gaozu or Han Taizu
Liu Bang was both Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Taizu of the Han Dynasty. Liu Bang's temple name was Taizu, and his posthumous title was Emperor Gao. In the Han Dynasty, the previous emperors were addressed by posthumous titles, so Liu Bang was called Emperor Gao. Sima Qian called Liu Bang Gaozu in the Records of the Historian, and later generations used it and evolved it into Han Gaozu. The Han Dynasty emphasized the rule of filial piety, so the posthumous titles of the succeeding emperors all had the word "filial piety". The temple name was the name of the emperor after his death. Generally, the founding emperor would use the temple name of "Taizu". Although Liu Bang's temple name was Taizu, Sima Qian had always called Liu Bang Gaozu in the Records of the Historian, so he was now used to calling him Han Gaozu. Therefore, Liu Bang was both Emperor Gaozu and Emperor Taizu of the Han Dynasty.
Descendants of Han Gaozu
Liu Bang had eight sons. They were Liu Fei, the eldest son of the Shu family, who was granted the title of King of Qi, Liu Ying, the second son, who was Emperor Xiaohui, Liu Ruyi, the third son, who was granted the title of King of Zhao, Liu Heng, the fourth son, who was Emperor Wen, Liu Hui, the fifth son, who was granted the title of King of Liang, Liu You, the sixth son, who was granted the title of King of Huaiyang, the seventh son, Liu Jianglu, who was granted the title of King of Jiaoxi, and the eighth son, Liu Yin, who was granted the title of King of Jiaodong. Among them, nine of Liu Fei's descendants were crowned kings, Liu Ying became Emperor Hui of Han, seven of Liu Ruyi's descendants rebelled, and Liu Heng became Emperor Wen of Han. As for the descendants of his other sons, the article did not mention anything about them.
Descendants of Han Gaozu
Liu Bang had eight sons. Liu Ying was the crown prince and became Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty. Liu Ruyi was Liu Bang's favorite son, but she was poisoned to death by Empress Lu. Liu Fei was the eldest son of Liu Bang. Nine of his descendants were conferred the title of king. Seven of them rebelled, and one of them became emperor. Most of the people with the surname Liu were descendants of the royal family of the Han Dynasty, but there were also a small number of descendants of Xiongnu nobles and Xianbei nobles who recognized Liu Bang as their ancestor.
Han Gaozu and Cao
The relationship between Liu Bang and Cao Shi could be concluded as follows: Cao Shi was a woman whom Liu Bang met during the uprising, and the two fell in love at first sight. However, their love did not last long, because Liu Bang soon left Cao Village and went to other places to continue his revolutionary cause. Even so, Liu Bang's feelings for the Cao family had never disappeared. It was said that he was once captured after being injured on the battlefield. When the Cao family found out, they took the risk to come and rescue him. Although Liu Bang managed to escape from the captives in the end, this experience made him cherish Cao Shi's love even more. However, there was no clear information about the relationship between Liu Bang and the Cao family. Therefore, I am unable to give a definite answer to this question.
Descendants of Han Gaozu
Liu Bang had many descendants. The royal family of the Han Dynasty had many descendants. Most of the surnames Liu and Li were descendants of Liu Bang. Liu Bang had a total of eight sons. The eldest son, Liu Fei, was conferred the title of King of Qi. The crown prince, Liu Ying, succeeded the throne and became Emperor Hui of Han. The third son, Liu Ruyi, was poisoned by Empress Lu with poisoned wine. Liu Bang's descendants were widely distributed. Among them, the Liu family of Shangqiu was the most famous descendant of Liu Bang in China, and the Harada family of Japan also claimed to be descendants of Liu Bang. There were no exact statistics on the number and distribution of Liu Bang's descendants.
Han Gaozu's parents
Han Gaozu's father was Liu Taigong, named Liu Wei, also known as Zhijia. His mother was Liu Ao.
Han Gaozu's lineage
Liu Bang's lineage could be traced back to his father, Liu Taigong. Liu Taigong had a son, Liu Ying, who had sons, Liu Fei, Liu Ruyi, Liu Heng, Liu Yihui, Liu Chang, Liu You, and Liu Jian. Liu Hengsheng's son Liu Qi, Liu Qi gave birth to sons Liu Shen, Liu Wu and Liu Yi. Liu Qi was Emperor Xiaowen of Han Dynasty. He gave birth to his son Liu Qi, who was Emperor He of Han Dynasty. Liu Qi's son was Emperor Han 'an, and Emperor Han' an's son was Han Jingzong. Liu Jingzong's son was King Hui of Han, and King Hui of Han's son was Han Weizong. The son of Emperor Weizong of Han was Emperor Ling of Han, and the son of Emperor Ling of Han was Emperor Xian of Han. Emperor Liu Xian was the emperor of Cao Wei. As for Liu Bei, the descendant of Liu Bang, the Han Gaozu, Liu Bei was the ninth grandson of the Han Gaozu.
Han Gaozu's genealogy
Liu Bang's genealogy recorded his descendants. Liu Bang's descendants included Liu Fei, Liu Zhang, Liu Xi, Liu Yan, Liu Yi, Liu Wu, Liu Shun, Liu Xun, Liu He, Liu Fu, Liu Wu, and others. These people were important members of the Liu family for more than 400 years after the establishment of the Han Dynasty. However, the specific details of the genealogy and the integrity of the descendants needed further information to confirm.
Han Gaozu's Daughter
The daughter of Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty, was Princess Lu Yuan. She was the only daughter of Liu Bang and Empress Lu Zhi, and the only princess of the Han Gaozu Dynasty. In her early years, Princess Lu Yuan had experienced the turbulent period of the Chu and Han wars. She had been captured by Xiang Yu and fled. Later, when the Han Dynasty was established, the Xiongnu threatened Liu Bang. Liu Bang had planned to marry the princess to the Xiongnu, but Lu Zhi's plea was successful, preventing Princess Lu Yuan from marrying far away. She married the Zhao King, Zhang Ao, and gave birth to a son, Zhang Yan, and a daughter, Zhang Yan.
Han Gaozu's mother
Han Gaozu's mother was Liu Ao. Liu Ao was Liu Taigong's wife and Liu Bang's biological mother. When she was resting on the slope of the Great Marsh, she met God in her dream. Later, she became pregnant and gave birth to Liu Bang, the great ancestor. Liu Ao's specific identity and background information were not provided.