The Development of Chinese Existences in the 1990s
The 1990s was an important period in the development of Chinese literature. The existing literature (or "modern literature") received widespread attention and development during this period. In the early 1990s, the existence of literature began to receive attention and recognition from society and academia. At that time, there were people like Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Wang Xiaobo, and others. These works explored social reality, human nature, language, and thinking, presenting unique styles and characteristics. In the mid-1990s, there was a further development in the existence of literature. There were many new ones like Jia Pingao, Liu Zhenyun, Chen Zhongshi, and others. Their works further explored the relationship between traditional Chinese culture and modern life, as well as human nature, emotions, life and other topics. In the late 1990s, the development of the existence literature entered a new stage. Some created works that were more set in the digital age. These works not only focused on social and human issues, but also focused on aesthetic and cultural experiences in the digital age. In general, the 1990s was an important period for the development of literature.
The Development of Chinese Literature
The development of Chinese literature can be traced back to thousands of years ago. It has experienced a long process of development and produced different literary forms and works in different eras and cultural backgrounds. In the pre-Qin period, classic works such as the Book of Songs and the Songs of Chu began to appear in Chinese literature. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Chinese literature entered a period of prosperity, and great historical works and literary masterpieces such as "Records of the Historian" and "Han Shu" appeared. In the Tang Dynasty, Chinese literature reached a brand new peak, with the emergence of great poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, and Bai Juyi. Their works became the classic representatives of Chinese literature. The Song Dynasty was an important period in the history of Chinese literature. There were literary masters such as Su Shi, Xin Qiji, and Li Qingzhao. Their works were not only very popular at that time, but they are still widely praised today. The Yuan Dynasty was another low point in the history of Chinese literature. Because of the suppression and restriction of literature by the rulers, the development of literature was seriously affected. During the Ming Dynasty, Chinese literature began to recover and develop. Lu Xun, Lao She, Jin Yong and other literary masters appeared. Their works had a profound impact on modern Chinese literature. Modern Chinese literature experienced many ups and downs. In the early 20th century, the New Culture Movement in Chinese literature pushed forward the innovation of literary ideas and works. In the middle of the 20th century, Chinese literature entered a period of prosperity. Lu Xun, Lao She, Jin Yong and other literary masters appeared. Their works had a profound impact on modern Chinese literature. Since the 21st century, Chinese literature had experienced another ups and downs. With the popularity of the Internet and mobile phones, Chinese literature began to transform into digital and online literature, and a large number of online literature and mobile literature appeared. At the same time, Chinese literature also began to try to promote to the international market, producing some influential Chinese literary classics and international literary works. After thousands of years of development, Chinese literature has formed its own unique literary style and tradition, leaving behind many classics and outstanding literary works.
On the Development of Chinese Literature
The development of Chinese literature could be traced back to ancient times. Chinese literature had a long history. In different historical periods, different literary schools and works emerged. In the pre-Qin period, classic works such as the Book of Songs appeared, marking the beginning of Chinese literature. In the following dynasties, Chinese literature continued to develop, such as the poems of Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi and other poets in the Tang Dynasty, the Ci works of Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao and other poets in the Song Dynasty, and the rise of novels in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all of which had a profound impact on Chinese literature. The development of contemporary Chinese literature is also very rapid, from the New Culture Movement in the early 20th century to the literary revolution in the 1950s to the 1970s, then to the modern literature in the late 1980s to the 1990s, and the literary works in recent years have shown unusual creativity and influence. The representative works of contemporary Chinese literature included classic novels such as Dream of the Red Chamber, Journey to the West, Water Margins, Romance of the Three Kingdoms, and the works of literary masters such as Mo Yan, Yu Hua, Ernest, and Marquez. These works not only occupied an important position in the history of Chinese literature, but also had a profound impact on the literature of various countries in the world.
The Development of Chinese Poetry
The development of Chinese poetry can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty, and then to the Song Dynasty, Ming Dynasty, and Qing Dynasty. The following are some of the important stages in the development of Chinese poetry: 1 Tang Dynasty (618 - 907): The Tang Dynasty was one of the most prosperous periods in Chinese history. There were many styles of poetry in the Tang Dynasty, from the bold and unconstrained Du Fu and Bai Juyi to the delicate and tactful Li Bai and Wang Wei. The Tang Dynasty's poetry culture had a profound influence on later generations. 2 Song Dynasty (960 - 1279): The Song Dynasty was a low point in the development of Chinese poetry, but it was also an important historical stage. The Song Dynasty had a variety of poetry styles, from the fresh and natural Su Shi, Xin Qiji, etc. to the bold and unconstrained Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, etc. 3. Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644): The Ming Dynasty was a peak period for the development of Chinese poetry, and the creation of poetry showed a trend of variety and prosperity. There were many styles of poetry in the Ming Dynasty, such as Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji, who wrote lyric poems, and Lu You and Xin Qiji, who wrote narrative poems. 4. Qing Dynasty (1644 - 1911): Qing Dynasty was a low point in the development of Chinese poetry, and poetry creation gradually lost its prosperity and variety. The style of poetry in the Qing Dynasty was relatively simple. It was mostly idyllic poems that sang about mountains and rivers. 5. Modern period (1911 - 2019): Modern Chinese poetry began to rise in the early 20th century. Modern poetry has the distinctive characteristics of the times, showing concern for reality and understanding of life. In the latter half of the 20th century, modern Chinese poetry developed into many important schools, such as the Obscure Poetry School, the Poetry Movement School, and the Modern School. In the development of Chinese poetry, each period had its own unique characteristics and styles, which had a profound impact on later generations.
The Development of Chinese Characters
The development of Chinese characters can be traced back to the Neoliths about 5000 years ago. The early characters were mainly hieroglyphic characters, such as "sun","moon","mountain","water" and other symbols in Chinese characters, which represented things through the abstract of physical objects. As time passed, the development of Chinese characters gradually turned to ideograms. In the Shang Dynasty, syllables such as oracle bone inscriptions appeared to represent sounds and languages. In the Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou royal family began to use a type of writing called "Jin Wen". This writing was mainly based on the symbols on bronze artifacts and was used to record political, military, and economic information of the Zhou Dynasty. After the Qin Dynasty unified the six countries, Qin Shihuang began to use a type of writing called "Xiao Zhuan", which has been passed down to this day and has become one of the main forms of Chinese writing. During the Han Dynasty, a type of writing called "official script" appeared. This type of writing was simpler than the small seal script, and it became one of the main forms of written writing. With the continuous development of Chinese characters, the form of Chinese characters is also constantly changing. From the earliest hieroglyph, phonograph, ideograph to today's regular script, running script, cursive script, official script and other font forms, it has become an important part of Chinese culture.
The Development of Chinese Poetry
The development of Chinese poetry could be divided into the following stages: 1. Pre-Qin period: The poems of this period were mainly composed of lyrics such as the Book of Songs. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties: A group of important poets such as Li Bai and Du Fu appeared in the Qin and Han Dynasties. Their poetic style formed the bold, unrestrained, and romantic style of Tang poetry. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties: The poetry styles of this period were diverse, and a number of poems that expressed personal feelings and personal ideals appeared, such as Tao Yuanming and Su Shi. 4 Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties: The poetry of this period developed to the peak and formed schools such as Tang poetry, Song poetry and Yuan poetry represented by poets such as Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi and Xin Qiji. The poems of these schools had a variety of styles, but they all had their own unique charm. The poetry creation and thoughts of this period influenced the literary creation of later generations and became an important stage in the history of Chinese literature.
Qidian Chinese Network's Development History
The development of Qidian Chinese website could be traced back to November 2001. At that time, Wu Wenhui, Luo Li, Bao Jianfeng, and other authors who loved fantasy had established the predecessor of Qidian in the Western Peninsula, the Fantasy Literature Association. Then, in May 2002, they officially established Qidian Chinese Network and began operating a new model of charging for online reading. In August 2004, Qidian Chinese Network was acquired by Shanghai Shengda Network Development Co., Ltd. With the advantage of the payment channel of Shengda Games, the VIP paid reading system was able to develop steadily. Qidian Chinese Network also introduced mechanisms and systems such as writer welfare, literary interaction, content discovery and promotion, copyright management, and so on, injecting vitality into the development of original literature. After a long period of hard work, Qidian Chinese Network had formed a complete electronic online publishing mechanism that integrated creation, cultivation, and sales. It could also be extended to the cultural industry.
Qidian Chinese Network's History of Development
Qidian Chinese Network's development process could be divided into three stages. The predecessor of Qidian Chinese Network was the Fantasy Literature Association. It was founded in November 2001 by a group of authors who loved fantasy writing. In May 2002, the Fantasy Literature Association prepared to set up a personal website for literature and officially established Qidian Chinese Network. Qidian Chinese Network had initially focused on fantasy novels and gathered a group of passionate and talented authors, laying the foundation for the development of the platform. With the expansion of the online literature market and the increase in demand, Qidian Chinese Network entered a high-speed development stage. At this stage, Qidian began to introduce more types of works, such as fantasy, martial arts, science fiction, etc., and introduced a VIP paid reading system, achieving a win-win situation for authors and platforms. After a period of rapid development, Qidian Chinese website gradually matured. At this stage, Qidian focused on brand building, increased investment in high-quality content, and cultivated a group of popular top writers. In general, Qidian Chinese Network had experienced three stages of development: the initial stage, the high-speed development stage, and the mature stage.
What was the development of Chinese literary criticism in the 1990s?
The development of Chinese literary criticism in the 1990s showed the following characteristics: 1. The rise of the literary review market: With the gradual development of the market economy, the literary review market has gradually formed. During this period, many publishing houses and media began to attach importance to the role of literary criticism and launched their own literary review series or columns. 2. Borrowing from critical theories: In the 1990s, the Chinese literary criticism circle began to borrow Western critical theories such as structuralism and cultural folklore to explore the internal mechanism and cultural background of Chinese literary works. 3. Increasing literary criticism activities: In the 1990s, the Chinese literary criticism community organized various forms of literary criticism activities, such as literary conferences, literary exhibition, literary lectures, etc. These activities helped to promote the results of literary research and enhance the influence and social status of literary criticism. 4. Pay attention to the works since the new century: The 1990s was the period of development of Chinese literature since the new century. During this period, literary criticism began to pay attention to the creation and publication of Chinese literary works since the new century, and carried out in-depth analysis and interpretation of these works. 5. The combination of literary criticism and social hot topics: In the 1990s, Chinese literary criticism began to combine with social hot topics to discuss the reality and social problems of Chinese society at that time, such as corruption, economic reform, cultural multiculturalism, etc. These comments were helpful for in-depth interpretation of social hot topics and promoting the development of Chinese literature.
What was the development of Chinese contemporary novels after the 1990s?
The development of Chinese contemporary novels after the 1990s can be divided into the following aspects: 1. The rise of online literature: Since the 1990s, with the development of network technology, online literature has gradually risen. Online literature referred to the use of the Internet platform to create and spread novels with the characteristics of interaction, strong transmission, and various forms. In the 21st century, online literature had become an important part of Chinese literature. A number of excellent online literature works had emerged, such as Snow Eagle Lord, Heaven Choosing, and Full-time Expert. 2. The development of realistic literature: In the early 21st century, realistic literature began to receive attention, and a number of excellent realistic literary works emerged, such as "Alive","Decryption","One Hundred Years of Solitude", etc. In the 2010s, realism literature began to mature and gradually became recognized by the market as one of the important schools of Chinese literature. The development of science fiction: science fiction is a special genre of literature and one of the important development trends of Chinese literature in the 21st century. In the early 21st century, the development of science fiction in China was relatively slow. However, with the advancement of science and technology and the influence of science fiction literature, a number of excellent works such as The Three-Body Problem and The Wandering Earth gradually emerged in China. 4. The trend of the international literature of the contemporary era: In the 21st century, Chinese literature began to move toward the international trend and began to exchange and cooperate with the literature of other countries. The trend of the contemporary literature was mainly manifested in two aspects: one was that Chinese literature began to enter the overseas market, such as the works translated into foreign languages being published; the other was that Chinese literature cooperated with literature from other countries, such as organizing literary exhibition and literary seminar. After the 1990s, the development of Chinese contemporary novels was complicated and varied, showing many trends and characteristics. Among them, the trend of internet literature, realism literature, science fiction and contemporary literature was more important.
The Development of Chinese Science Fictions
The development of Chinese science fiction literature could be divided into the following stages: Early stage (1950s to 1980s): This period was mainly represented by Liu Cixin and others. Their works explored the future development prospects of mankind with science fantasy as the theme. 2. Prosperous period (1990s to 2010s): This period was the most prosperous period of Chinese science fiction literature, and many excellent science fiction appeared. The representatives of this period were He Xi, Liu Cixin, Han Song, Zhou Guoping, and so on. 3. Reflection Stage (2010s to present): The works of this period began to reflect on the impact of science and technology on mankind, focusing on the survival and future of mankind. The representatives were Liu Cixin, Han Song, Cao Wenxuan, and so on. 4. Diverse development (2010s to present): The works of this period cover more topics including science fiction, fantasy, history, philosophy, etc. At the same time, Chinese sci-fi literature also integrated with other literary schools to form a more diverse creative style. The development of Chinese science fiction literature not only explored the development trend of science and technology, but also reflected the imagination and expectations of society and mankind for the future.