Leo Tolstoy's works mainly expressed the following ideas: Tolstoy paid close attention to the nature of human beings and the complexity of human nature. He explored topics such as personal freedom, morality, happiness, love, power, and faith. He believed that human nature was profound and complicated, and should not be simply divided into black and white. 2. Deep reflection on war and social problems: Tolstoy described the suffering brought about by war and the weakness of human nature in his works, reflected on the damage caused by war to society and families, and discussed how to reduce war and solve social problems. Tolstoy believed that art and literature should reflect social life and human nature. He explored how to express the complexity and truth of human nature through art and literature, and made profound thoughts and comments on the development and influence of literature. 4. Deep concern for the fate of mankind: Tolstoy believed that mankind was a great species with great potential. He paid attention to the fate and future of mankind and discussed the development and future of mankind. He called on people to pay attention to social problems and the essence of mankind and make contributions to the progress of human society.