Wang Dulu's tragic and chivalrous martial arts novels had the following characteristics: Tragedy theme: Wang Dulu's martial arts novels often take tragedy as the theme. After experiencing many hardships and setbacks, the protagonist finally leads to a tragic ending. This kind of tragic theme could express the impermanence of life and the uncontrollable nature of fate, making people feel the fragility and preciousness of life. 2. Chivalrous spirit: The protagonists in Wang Dulu's martial arts novels usually have the chivalrous spirit. They are willing to take risks to save others for justice and fairness. This kind of chivalrous spirit could express people's pursuit of justice and morality, and at the same time, it also reflected the author's love and admiration for Chinese traditional culture. 3. Delicate emotional description: The protagonist's emotional description in Wang Dulu's martial arts novels is very delicate. They will show their innermost feelings and feelings in the details to let the readers feel the protagonist's emotional world. This kind of emotional description could express the richness and complexity of human nature and also enhance the appeal of the novel. 4. Unique artistic style: Wang Dulu's martial arts novels have a unique artistic style. He takes the traditional Chinese martial arts culture and modern literature as the blueprint and combines many different elements and styles to form his own unique literary style. This unique artistic style could make his works stand out from other martial arts novels and attract more readers.