The description of the social background in a novel was usually to explain the time, place, social background, political, economic, cultural, social environment, etc. of the story so that the readers could better understand the occurrence of the story and the development of the plot. At the same time, it also provided the necessary background support for the setting and actions of the protagonist. The description of the social background of the novel can not only increase the historical sense and cultural heritage of the story, but also reveal the weakness and beauty of human nature by shaping the complex social environment and character relationships. It can also shape the character's personality and image to promote the development and deepening of the story, so that readers can better experience the emotional and intellectual content of the novel. In the creation, the author can reveal the problems and contradictions in the social reality through the description of the social background, and guide the readers to think about the problems and solutions of the social reality. At the same time, the author can also reflect the social environment and inner contradictions and struggles of the characters through the description of the characters 'encounters and experiences, which can enhance the readers' reading ability and depth.