Leo Tolstoy's Poor Man was a masterpiece that deeply explored social class and human nature. The fate of the protagonist, the Buenda family, was the core of the story. In the novel, the Buendía family experienced the process from wealth to poverty and then to decline. At the same time, it also showed the complexity of human nature and the struggle of morality. The story's protagonist, the elders of the Buenda family, were successful businessmen and politicians. Their wealth and status made them nobles in the Caucasus region. However, as time passed, their children gradually fell into poverty and difficulties. In the novel, the Buenda family experienced a series of tragedies, including the breakdown of the family, the death of relatives, the disappearance of children, and the betrayal of friends. In the novel, the author revealed the complexity of human nature and the struggle of morality through in-depth character description and delicate plot. The children of the Buenda family not only faced poverty and hardship, but also conflicts and betrayals between families and kinship, as well as social and political injustice and corruption. At the end of the novel, the author expressed his sympathy and condolences to the Buenda family through a letter. At the same time, it also revealed the tenacity and indomitable spirit of morality and human nature. Poor Man is a masterpiece that deeply explored social class and human nature. Through vivid plots and profound character descriptions, it shows the complexity of human nature and the struggle of morality. Although the novel tells a tragic story, it contains profound thoughts and enlightenment, allowing the readers to have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of human nature and social class.