The four elements of literature proposed by the American scholar Abraham in the book Mirror and Lamp refer to
The four elements of literature proposed by American scholar Abraham in Mirror and Lamp were: 1. The literary theme is the core idea or value that the work wants to express. The theme can be positive or negative. It can be a personal theme or a societal theme. 2. The structure of literature refers to the internal logic and external organization of the work. It included the narrative of the plot, the development of the relationship between the characters, the development of the theme, and so on. 3. Language: Language is an important element of literature. It shapes the image and atmosphere of the work through its unique expression and rhetoric, and at the same time, it reflects the author's thoughts and emotions. 4. Symbol: Symbol is a commonly used rhetorical device in literary works to convey the meaning that the author wants to express through symbols and metaphor. Symbols have the characteristics of symbolism, metaphor, and suggestion, which can let readers understand the thoughts and emotions that the author wants to express through the symbols and symbols in the works.