The embryonic stage of the development of novels usually referred to the early stages of the birth of novels. Dream of the Red Chamber: The Qing Dynasty is considered the pinnacle of Chinese novel history. It shows the life and psychological state of traditional Chinese feudal society. 2. Journey to the West: A novel by the Ming Dynasty novelist Wu Chengen, depicting the fairyland and myths and legends of Chinese mythology by describing the adventures of Sun Wukong and other characters. 3. Water Margins: The Yuan Dynasty tells the story of the uprising of 108 righteous thieves, depicting the darkness and corruption of Chinese feudal society. Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Yuan Dynasty tells the historical story of the Three Kingdoms period and shows the complexity and struggle in China's political history. Strange Tales from a Chinese Studio: A collection of short stories written by the Tang Dynasty poet Pu Songling, which contains many myths and ghost stories, is regarded as one of the important landmarks in the history of Chinese fiction. These works were the representative works of the embryonic stage of the development of Chinese novels. Their appearance marked the beginning of the gradual sprouting and maturity of Chinese novels.
Han Fu was an important form of ancient Chinese literature. Its origins could be traced back to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Han Fu was one of the representative works of ancient Chinese literature, which was usually based on gorgeous rhetoric, a large number of symbolic techniques, and exaggerated descriptions. Han Fu was divided into three stages of development: 1 Pre-Qin period (223 - 206 B.C.): Representative, Ban Gu, etc. 2. Western Han Dynasty (206 B.C. to 8 A.D.): Representative, Wang Chong, etc. 3. Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 8 - 22): Representative, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi, etc. Representatives of each stage: 1 Pre-Qin period: Sima Qian's Records of the Historian, Ban Gu's Han Shu, Zhang Heng's Xijing Fu, etc. 2. Western Han Dynasty: Sima Qian's Records of the Historian, Ban Gu's Han Shu, Zhang Heng's Fu on the Two Capital, Fu on Tokyo, etc. 3. Eastern Han Dynasty: Cao Cao's "Watching the Sea,""Short Songs,""The Turtle is Longevity,""Boiling Beans Burning Bean Osmund," etc. Han Fu was a classic work in ancient Chinese literature, representing the peak of ancient literature and having a profound influence on later literature.
The development of European literature can be divided into several periods, and the main representative works of each stage can be divided into: 1 Renaissance (14th to 17th century): - Representative works: Divine Comedy (Chant), Caravaggio's Collection (Caravaggio), and shakespeare's Collection (shakespeare). - Representative: The outstanding representative of the Renaissance was William shakespeare. His works included Hamlet, King Lear, The Tempest, and so on. At the same time, Raphael, Michelangelo, and others from the Renaissance. 2. Baroque period (17th to 18th century): - Representative works: Don Quijote (by Miguel de Cervantes), The Collection of Virgil de Aragon (by Virgil de Aragon), and The Crusader (by Daniel Defoe). - Representative: The outstanding representative of the Baroque period is Du Fu. His works include "Happy Rain on a Spring Night" and "Climbing High". At the same time, the Baroque period, Goethe, Russell, and others. 3. Romanticism (18th-19th century): - Representative works: Jane Eyre (Charlotte Bronte), A Tale of Two Cities (Charles Dickens), Pride and Predict (Jane Austen), etc. - Representative: The outstanding representative of the romantic period is Dickens. His works include Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, etc. At the same time, in the romantic period, Tolstoy, Maugham and others. 4 20th century literature: - Representative works: How Steel Was Tempered (Nikola Ostrovsky), War and Peace (Leo Tolstoy), The Kite Runner (Kared Husseini), etc. - Representative: The outstanding representative of 20th-century literature is Nikola Ostrovsky. His works include How Steel Was Tempered. At the same time, Husseini, Ernest, Faulkner, Marquez, and others in the 20th century literature.
The development stages of the world's movies could be divided into ancient times, the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Industrial Revolution, and the modern era. During this period, the film as an art form was widely developed and many representative works appeared. Ancient films were represented by the Italian Renaissance film Roman Holiday (1953) and the French Citizen Kane (1941). These films showed the social style and human emotions of the time in an artistic form. Medieval-age films such as The Black Mirror (1999) in England and The Knight (2005) in Spain explored topics such as religion, morality, and humanity in the form of dark humor or reflection. The representative films of the Renaissance period were the French Carmen (1957) and the Italian Roman holiday 2 (1960). These films used historical and romantic subjects to show the social style and human emotions of the time. The representative films of the industrial revolution were the British's Industrial Empire (1987) and the American's The Godfather (1972). These films used crime and commerce as the theme to show the social style and humanity of the time. Modern films such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000) in France and Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001) in Britain showcased modern culture and art with fantasy or science fiction as the theme. In addition, there were many other masterpieces such as the American Godfather series, Schindler's List, Titanic, Forrest Gump, and so on.
Li Bai was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. His life had experienced three periods: youth, prime, and old age. 1 Youth: Li Bai was born in the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty. He was a son of a poor family. When he was young, he obtained the opportunity to enter the imperial court by taking the imperial examination, but because of his outstanding talent, he failed many times. Later, he left his hometown and traveled to many places. He made many friends and became a versatile person. 2. In his prime, Li Bai became an official of the Tang Dynasty in his later years. He spent a long time in office. During this period, Li Bai's writing style began to change. He began to pay more attention to expressing his personal feelings and wrote many passionate and bold poems. His representative works include "Will Enter Wine,""Lushan Ballad," etc. 3. In his later years, Li Bai left the court and began his wandering life. He traveled to many places and met many talented poets, becoming an important figure in the history of Tang poetry. During this period, Li Bai's poetry style became more diverse. He began to write many representative poems about nature, life, history, etc., such as "Night Moored by Niu Zhu Recalling the Ancient Times" and "Going to Wuxing to Climb Leyou Plain". Li Bai's poems were full of passion and unconstrained, and he became an outstanding representative in the history of Tang poetry.
The development of modern China children's literature can be divided into the following stages: Early period (1920-1949): The works of this period mainly appeared in the form of serials and standalone copies of newspapers such as Children's Daily. They mainly described children's lives and told children's stories such as Robson's Crusade and Andersen's Fairy Tales. 2. Middle period (1950-1966): The works of this period were influenced by the fairy tales of the Soviet Union and began to emphasize the independence and self-awareness of children, such as The Little Prince and Andersen's Fairy Tales. 3. Late period (1967-1980): The works of this period began to emphasize the realism and criticism of children, such as Little Star, Schuck and Beta, etc. Modern (1980-present): The works of this period focus on the psychological and emotional needs of children, emphasizing the local and national characteristics of children's literature such as Grimm's Fairy Tales, Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf, etc. During this period, there were many famous examples: 1. Initial stage: Yang Hongying, Zheng Yuanjie, Qin Wenjun, Sun Li, etc. 2. Middle Stage: Wang Yimei, Liu Liangcheng, Xue Tao, Yang Yun, etc. Late stage 3: Li Xue, Jiang Yun, Lewis, Zheng Chunhua, etc. 4 Modern: Qin Wenjun, Zhu Tianxin, Jiang Fangzhou, Liu Cixin, Cao Wenxuan, etc. These became the representative works of modern China children's literature.
The development of modern Chinese children's literature can be divided into the following stages: The early stage (1920 - 1930): The works of this period were mainly children's songs and nursery rhymes such as Twinkle Twinkle, Little White Rabbit, and Little Butterfly, as well as classic fairy tales such as Andersen's Fairy Tales. 2. The prosperous period of children's literature creation (1930 - 1950): During this period, many excellent children's literature works emerged, such as Zheng Yuanjie, Yang Hongying, Zheng Renrui, Shu Ting, etc. Their works had different styles and varied topics, but they all focused on reflecting real life and cultivating children's good moral character and thinking ability. 3. The low point of children's literature (1950 - 1970): The works of this period were influenced by politics and ideology. The quality of the works declined. Many excellent works or works that had nothing to do with political correct content were forced to be created. 4. Revival period of children's literature (1970-present): The works of this period began to focus on reflecting real life, emphasizing humanity and humanism, and also focusing on exploring children's inner world to cultivate children's imagination and creativity. Many excellent children's literature works such as Yang Hongying, Li Ou, Qin Wenjun, Xue Jinxing, etc. emerged. Their works had different styles, but they all focused on cultivating children's imagination and creativity. At this stage, some famous children's literature: - Zheng Yuanjie: Pipi Pi Lu Xi, Shu Ke and Beta, Fairy Tale King - Yang Hongying: Diary of a Boy, Diary of a Girl, Magic Castle - Leo: The Little Prince, Andersen's Fairy Tales - Qin Wenjun: "The Little Tiger Returns Home" - Xue Jinxing: Grimm's Fairy Tales, Andersen's Fairy Tales
The development of modern Argentina literature can be divided into the following periods: Early (late 19th century to early 20th century) Representative figures: Barrera, Correia, Belasco, Enrique Castello, Selma La Ngoro, Palermo de Aragon, etc. Representative works: - Barrera: "Argentina" was the first novel in the history of Argentina's literature and one of Barrera's representative works. - Correia, buenos aires: The Romani Soul tells the story of three generations of the Correia family living in the Romani. - Belasco: The Devil's Kiss is one of Belasco's most famous novels. It reflects the political and economic changes in Argentina society at that time through the story of the rise and fall of a wealthy family. - Enrique Castello: "The Lost Ark" described Enrique Castello's life experience from a revolutionary to a prisoner. 1920s to 1930s Representative figures: Marquez, Miranda Igobel, Ngoro Ensoril, Carlos Ruiz Samoya, etc. Representative works: - Márquez: One Hundred Years of Solitude is one of Márquez's most famous novels. Through the rise and fall of a family in the past 100 years, it reflects the political and cultural changes in Argentina society at that time. - "Santa Maria and Maria Carlos" described the story of the Miranda Igobel family, reflecting the gap between the rich and the poor and the racial discrimination in Argentina at that time. - Ngoro Ensoril: The City and the Dog reflects the social class division and poverty of Argentina at that time through the lives and fates of people in a slum. - Carlos Ruiz Samoya: The Sun King described the history of the Samoya family, reflecting the cultural traditions and historical background of the Brazilian society at that time. 1940s to 1950s Representative figures: Akua, Michael de Cervantes, Juan Carlos Oziano, etc. Representative works: - Akua: The General in the Labyrinth reflects the political turmoil and national crisis of Argentina society at that time through the story of a general. - "New Moon" is about the adventures of Míguel de Cervantes and his friends in buenos aires. - Juan Carlos Oziano: City of God reflects the social and cultural changes of Argentina at that time through a story about the city and God.
The literary revolution refers to a major change in the field of European literature in the first half of the 20th century. It aimed to promote literary creation to get rid of the shackles of the old norms and explore a broader literary theme and expression. The representative works of the literary revolution included: William Faulkner's novels, such as The Sound and the Fury and The People of Virgil, revealed the dark side of southern American society and laid the foundation for the development of modern novels. 2 George Orwell's novels such as 1984 and Animal Manor explored the nature and influence of political power and became one of the most influential political prophecies of the 20th century. Calvino's novels such as Veronica's Decision to Die depicted the interpersonal relationships and cultural conflicts in modern Italian society, providing a new perspective for Italian Renaissance literature. Margaret Atwood's novels, Gone with the Wind and Gone with the Wind, which revealed the dark side of the Southern society after the American Civil War in the 20th century, became classics in the history of American literature. The novels such as The Necklace and Marion Buendía by Maupassant revealed the problem of the gap between the rich and the poor and the social class division in the capitalist society, which became one of the important works of French literature in the 20th century. These works showed the representative works of the literary revolution. They had great changes and innovation in literary form, theme and thought, which deeply influenced the development and direction of literature in the 20th century.
The main stages of the development of ancient Chinese novels were as follows: 1. Pre-Qin period (11th century B.C. -221B.C.): The representative works include The Book of Songs, The Songs of Chu, The Spring and Autumn Annals, etc. 2. Qin and Han Dynasties (221 B.C. -220 A.D.): Representative figures include Sima Qian, Ban Gu, Cao Cao's Short Songs, etc. 3. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties (220 - 589): The representative characters were Tao Yuanming's "The Peach Blossom Spring", Xie Lingyun's "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng", Wang Bo's "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng", etc. 4. Tang Dynasty (618 - 907 AD): The representative characters were Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, Wang Zhihuan's "Climbing the Stork Tower", Liu Zongyuan's "River Snow", etc. 5 Song Dynasty (960 - 1279): Representative figures include Su Shi, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji, Ouyang Xiu's "Sapphire Case·Yuanxi", Zhou Bangyan's "Romance of the West Chamber", etc. 6. Yuan Dynasty (1271 - 1368 AD): Representative characters include Ma Zhiyuan's Tianjing Sand·Autumn Thoughts, Bai Pu's Tianjing Sand·The Shame of Jingkang, Zheng Sixiao's Twenty Years of Witnessing Strange Situation, etc. 7 Ming Dynasty (1368 - 1644): Representative characters include Cao Xueqin's Dream of the Red Chamber, Shi Naian's Water Margins, Wu Chengen's Journey to the West, Luo Guanzhong's Romance of the Three Kingdoms, etc. The works of the representative characters in the above stages represented the styles and characteristics of ancient Chinese novels in different historical periods, and also reflected people's thoughts and feelings about life, love, humanity, society, and so on in different cultural backgrounds.
Han Fu was an important form of ancient Chinese literature. It was often used to express the author's feelings and aspirations. It could be divided into multiple stages of development, each stage having different representatives and representative works. The following are the five stages of Han Fu and their representatives and representative works: 1 Early (c. 1st-2nd century AD) Representative figures: Zhang Heng, Wang Zhihuan Representative works: "Climbing the Stork Tower","Liangzhou Ci" 2 Middle period (2nd to 3rd century AD) Representative figures: Liu Xie, Yang Xiong Masterpieces: Song of Everlasting Sorrow, Peacock Flies Southeast Late 3rd (3rd to 4th century AD) Representative figures: Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang Representative works: "Imperial Capital Chapter","Sending Yuan Er to Anxi" 4. The second half of the New Book of Tang (6th to 9th century) Representative figures: Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi Masterpieces: Ballad of Lushan Mountain, Reminiscence of the Past at Night Moored by Niu Zhu After the Song Dynasty Representative figures: Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao Representative works: "Water Melody","Sapphire Case·Yuan Xi" The development of Han Fu had gone through many stages, and each stage had different representatives and representative works. Among them, the early representatives were Zhang Heng, Wang Zhihuan, and other mid-term representatives, Liu Xie, Yang Xiong, and other late representatives, Lu Zhaolin, Luo Binwang, and other representatives in the second half of the New Tang Dynasty, Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai Juyi, and other representatives after the Song Dynasty, Su Shi, Xin Qiji, Li Qingzhao, and so on. Han Fu occupied an important position in the history of ancient Chinese literature and was hailed as a peak in the history of Chinese literature.