Historical novels and biographies of historical figures had different literary forms and contents. The specific differences were as follows: 1. Literature form: Historical novels usually use historical events as the background to show the images and stories of historical figures through fictional or semi-fictional plots. A historical biography was a detailed and objective record and description of a historical figure's life, thoughts, actions, and achievements. 2. Depth of content: Historical novels usually pay more attention to historical events and characters 'backgrounds, motives, psychology, and other aspects. They pay more attention to the exploration of characters' personalities, emotions, and fates. On the other hand, biographies of historical figures were more objective and rational in describing the thoughts, politics, and moral values of historical figures. 3. Status of literature: Historical novels are usually regarded as an independent literary work with its own literary style and genre. Biography of historical figures was more used for education, research, or appreciation. Therefore, historical novels and biographies of historical figures are different in literary form and content, but their purpose and function are to better display the images and deeds of historical figures and promote the development and progress of human culture.